Byford, Sarah Peter Phiri and colleagues present findings from a sub-analysis of a qualitative study to culturally adapt CBT for psychosis for people of Afro-Caribbean and South Asian background (Rathod et al., Reference Rathod, Kingdon, Phiri and Gobbi2010). They rightly point out that adaptation work does not suggest changes in mental health care systems. Another survey from Canada reported time spent with trauma victims to be the strongest predictor of the traumatic stress. Many authors have pointed to the uniqueness of military culture as being different from civilian culture, based on routines, structures, hierarchies and the dress codes, among many other attributes (Hall, Reference Hall2011; Reger et al., Reference Reger, Etherage, Reger and Gregory2008; Soeters et al., Reference Soeters, Winslow, Weibull and Caforio2006). One example often used to illustrate cultural appropriation is history, experience and traditions. The earliest known use of the term cultural appropriation is credited to Arthur E. Christy (1899 1946), a professor of literature at the University of Illinois (Martin, 2018). Finally, I agree with the authors that this intervention should be used across the board. In addition to describing the culturally adapted CBT techniques, the authors highlight the issues of gender discrimination and female sexuality in Muslim countries (Gouda and Potrafke, Reference Gouda and Potrafke2016). The over-arching theme of the paper is the engagement of the BME community in a collaborative manner while addressing stigma and with an emphasis on services being flexible in order to engage BME communities. Curbing cultural appropriation in the fashion industry They describe the critical elements of the adapted intervention using case summaries. 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Family interventions might be more appealing to people from collectivistic cultural backgrounds, and therefore the adaptation of family intervention for this group might improve access, engagement and thus outcomes. WebCultural appropriation is a murky concept. Cultural appropriation Furthermore, individuals might vary in their level of acculturation and religiosity, and this should be taken into consideration (Joseph and DiDuca, Reference Joseph and DiDuca2007). Despite very high rates of mental health problems and suicidal behaviours, the LGBTQ+ community faces numerous barriers in accessing mental healthcare (Veltman and Chaimowitz, Reference Veltman and Chaimowitz2014). Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) in its current form might not be acceptable to service users from a variety of backgrounds. There is also a need to test the culture-free aspects of CBT. Seven articles cover aspects of adaptation of therapies for people from different backgrounds. What Is Cultural Appropriation pause before claiming cultural However, there is lack of evidence supporting this approach with culturally These include awareness of the service users culture, consideration of cultural issues during the assessment and engagement phase and areas in therapy that need adjustment for therapy to be effective. In addition to adapting BA, they have developed a self-help booklet. Same-sex relationships were generally tolerated in pre-modern Islamic societies. They also discuss the sub-cultures within the army, based on religion, race or gender, etc. Ethical travel tips: How to avoid cultural appropriation when DBT combined techniques from behaviour therapy and Zen Buddhism (Reddy and Vijay, Reference Reddy and Vijay2017) and was developed to help suicidal behaviours among borderline personality disorder service users (Linehan et al., Reference Linehan, Armstrong, Suarez, Allmon and Heard1991). Reviewers report that therapists claimed that they practised cultural awareness and were open to discuss culture and were attentive to cultural norms as well as culture-specific expressions of SAD and the level of acculturation. When working cross-culturally, many consider a universalist approach to help focus on the similarities across cultures, rather than emphasizing differences (Beck, Reference Beck2016). These findings confirm some of the findings from cultural adaptation of individual CBT for psychosis (Li et al., Reference Li, Zhang, Luo, Liu, Liu, Lin and Naeem2017; Naeem et al., Reference Naeem, Habib, Gul, Khalid, Saeed, Farooq and Kingdon2014; Naeem et al., Reference Naeem, Saeed, Irfan, Kiran, Mehmood, Gul and Kingdon2015b; Rathod et al., Reference Rathod, Kingdon, Phiri and Gobbi2010; Rathod et al., Reference Rathod, Phiri, Harris, Underwood, Thagadur, Padmanabi and Kingdon2013), in particular the role played by trauma, coercive treatment and racism (Rathod et al., Reference Rathod, Kingdon, Phiri and Gobbi2010). A qualitative study from Montreal to explore the reasons for the under-use of conventional mental health services by people of Caribbean origin reported that tendency of physicians to prescribe pills is a significant barrier. Key elements of The authors concluded that CBT can be an acceptable and effective treatment for culturally diverse SAD sufferers with modest modifications, and that applying them increases the treatment compliance and its outcomes, although they issue caution based on the quality of reporting and multiple methodological issues. It is, however, envisaged that therapists shared the same cultural values as the client, might be mindful of these norms, and possibly delivered therapy in Arabic some vital aspects of cultural adaptation. Authors describe a staged process of culturally adapting CBT that takes into account stakeholders opinions and experiences to develop guidelines that can be used to adapt CBT for clients from a non-Western background culturally. 12 Culturally Appropriative Words and Phrases These findings are consistent with North American literature on culturally adapting CBT (Rosen et al., Reference Rosen, Rebeta and Rothschild2014; Shabtai et al., Reference Shabtai, Pirutinsky, Rosmarin, Ben-Avie, Ives and Loewenthal2016) and to improve access to mental health services for Jews (McEvoy et al., Reference McEvoy, Williamson, Kada, Frazer, Dhliwayo and Gask2017). However, they claim that in this case, the cultural context and the broader family system were not the primary factors in the development and maintenance of the problem. (PDF) Culturally Adapted Dialectical Behavior Therapy in These ideas have significant implications for equity in terms of service provision. The fourth article emphasizes understanding a clients experience of racism as part of the assessment, formulation and treatment (Beck, Reference Beck2019). This Ca-CBTp was found to be feasible and acceptable as well as effective in a pilot RCT (Rathod et al., Reference Rathod, Phiri, Harris, Underwood, Thagadur, Padmanabi and Kingdon2013). This brief manualized intervention can be delivered in four sessions and might be applicable across cultures. To fully understand its consequences, though, we need to make sure we have a working definition of culture itself. These values underpin the principle of cultural adaptation of evidence-based psychosocial interventions for people from diverse cultural and sub-cultural backgrounds. McQuillin, Samuel D. and A transdiagnostic community-based mental health treatment for comorbid disorders: development and outcomes of a randomized controlled trial among Burmese refugees in Thailand, A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral intervention for Afro-descendants survivors of systemic violence in Colombia, The lack of cancer surveillance data on sexual minorities and strategies for change, Differences in self-disclosure patterns among Americans versus Chinese: a comparative study, Cultural adaptation of dialectical behavior therapy for a Chinese international student with eating disorder and depression, Self-practice/self-reflection as an alternative to personal training-therapy in cognitive behavioural therapy training: a qualitative analysis, Religious and ethnic group influences on beliefs about mental illness: a qualitative interview study, The stress response systems: universality and adaptive individual differences, Incidence of schizophrenia and other psychoses in ethnic minority groups: results from the MRC AESOP Study, Matching client and therapist ethnicity, language, and gender: a review of research, Using mindfulness- and acceptance-based treatments with clients from nondominant cultural and/or marginalized backgrounds: clinical considerations, meta-analysis findings, and introduction to the special series. (Reference Memon, Taylor, Mohebati, Sundin, Cooper, Scanlon and Visser2016) describe factors affecting the relationship between service users and healthcare providers, e.g. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a trans-diagnostic intervention that has been tried both in the West and outside the West. 2022. The results of the qualitative analysis found five superordinate themes: the medical model, novelty, practicalities, process and therapist effects. I agree with the assertion that these ideas need to be tested through qualitative and quantitative research. Case studies in this review were reported from the USA and Japan. poor communication, inadequate recognition or response to mental health needs, cultural naivety, insensitivity and discrimination as well as lack of awareness of different services among service users and providers. This paper describes the use of CBT with four patients with vaginismus in Tunisia. Currently, the IASP (Improving Access to Structures Psychotherapies) CBT Training Program in Ontario, Canada, is incorporating culturally adapted CBT practices. The prevalence rates of mental health difficulties among UASC are understandably higher than among children seeking asylum with their families, or children who are not from refugee or asylum-seeking backgrounds. Two papers (e) focus on CBT for two religious groups, i.e. A systematic review of interventions for treating depression in Muslim patients reported that many studies do not distinguish between beliefs and values that are religious and those that are cultural, and that most of the evidence was methodologically weak or included assertions made without qualification (Walpole et al., Reference Walpole, McMillan, House, Cottrell and Mir2013). Therefore, it makes sense to adapt CBT when working with diverse populations. First, DBT emphasizes client expectations, attributions, values, roles, beliefs, coping styles, and Self-practice, self-reflection (Chigwedere et al., Reference Chigwedere, Thwaites, Fitzmaurice and Donohoe2019) and the critical incident analysis model can be useful tools for these therapists. The authors suggest that ACT and CFT may provide a practical framework for a culturally adapted therapy that targets the needs of those experiencing intersectional LGBTQ+ and Muslim identities. They suggest more empirical research in this field. (Reference Skerven, Whicker and LeMaire2019) report adaptation of DBT to address the needs of service users with diverse gender identities and sexual orientations who have experienced sexual stigma. They describe their efforts in adapting therapy for their service users on an individual level, barriers to access to IAPT services and lack of training for therapists from majority ethnic backgrounds. Collectively, papers in this special issue provide us with sufficient evidence that cultural considerations play a vital role when using CBT, offer practical suggestions for improving cultural competence and most importantly, can catalyse future research. In this thought-provoking article, the authors argue that attempts to culturally adapt interventions for Black and Minority ethnic (BME) service users will not have the desired impact if sufficient measures are not in place to improve access to psychological services. While literature reports perceived barriers to accessing mental health services among BME communities (Memon et al., Reference Memon, Taylor, Mohebati, Sundin, Cooper, Scanlon and Visser2016), not many models of improving access to psychological services for the BME group exist. 2021. The debate over cultural appropriation has been around for decades. They suggest that educating service users on CBT plays a vital role in cultures where people, in general, are not aware of CBT. Andrade, Brendan F. Scotton, Isabela Lamante (Reference Hakim, Thompson and Coleman-Oluwabusola2019) explored the experience of four IAPT low-intensity Psychological Wellbeing Practitioners (PWP) who had previously worked as BME Community Mental Health Workers (CMHW). The authors also report feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effectiveness of the intervention. The third article discusses issues of race, cthnicity and culture in CBT to support therapists and service managers to deliver culturally competent therapy (Naz et al., Reference Naz, Gregory and Bahu2019). Core beliefs, underlying assumptions and even the content of automatic thoughts vary across cultures (Sahin and Sahin, Reference Sahin and Sahin1992; Tam et al., Reference Tam, Wong, Chow, Ng, Ng, Cheung and Mak2007). A collaborative approach might not be acceptable across cultures. Cultural appropriation is distinct from cultural exchange, in which two cultures participate in each others rituals and customs on an equal footing. This small-scale study offers in-depth insights based on the experience of front-line workers. 11. Cultural This paper offers a wealth of information and insights, and highlights the need for incorporating religious and spiritual factors in formulation and treatment (Josephson, Reference Josephson2004; Miller, Reference Miller2004).

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