The SDGs are relevant to all countries and are intended to guide global development efforts towards a more sustainable and equitable future. (G) For a multinational state facing the realities of devolution, explain why a government would choose to create an autonomous region or choose to maintain a unitary state. Example: traditional society, The middle grounds. Example: The HDI of India Students also viewed Ap Human Geography: Unit 2: Chapter 10 40 terms katebradley0 chem 21 terms Carolinek285 An example of language convergence is Spanglish, which combines elements of Spanish and English to create a distinct dialect that is used in some regions of the United States and Latin America. Technologies that are appropriate for a specific country. What are some of the economic causes of uneven development? manufacturers that process, transform, and assemble raw materials. - More developed countries, use the resources of the periphery to continue their success. However, this has resulted in a power struggle for control over the countries, resulting in conflict and political instability, hindering development further. h. elastic demand. Answer: Historical and contemporary factors that have influenced language distribution and diversity include colonialism, migration patterns, globalization, and language policies. 0 They can also be found if you zoom into a country at a regional, local and even city scale. To be truly sustainable, ecotourism must be carefully planned and managed to ensure that the negative impacts on the environment and local communities are minimized. The Sun Belt is a region of the United States that includes the southeastern and southwestern states and is known for its warm climate and rapid population and economic growth. They are widely recognized as a framework for addressing some of the most pressing challenges facing the world, including poverty, inequality, climate change, and environmental degradation. The effectiveness of such programs may depend on factors such as the availability of resources, the level of community involvement, and the political climate surrounding migration. 4) Data administration stage. Can teach locals new skills. B) Describe two social or cultural consequences of population growth, providing an example of each. Natural disasters lcan cause deaths, and are expensive to recover from infrastructurally. Uneven nature of growth creates a spatial gap . Newly Industrialised Countries (NICs) are countries which are becoming more industrialised, moving away from agricultural production toward manufacturing industries. For example, the use of certain words or phrases can signal membership in a particular group and reinforce cultural ties. Example: Nepal, A country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development. an index for measurement of gender disparity. For instance, walkable cities make it easier for residents to get around without relying on cars, while green infrastructure such as parks and green roofs can help reduce the urban heat island effect and improve air quality. NFL player, accountant, banking. Answer: Technology can be used to address resource distribution challenges by enabling the efficient distribution of resources, such as through the use of online marketplaces or tracking systems that allow for better tracking and monitoring of resource use. International migration is the movement of people across borders. f. change in quantity demanded 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. Answer: A sustainable city is a city that is designed to meet the needs of its residents while also protecting the environment and conserving resources for future generations. Development & Gender - Ms. Silvius's AP Human Geography AP Human Geo - 7.5 Theories of Development | Fiveable For example, the presence of migrant communities can lead to greater cultural exchange and diversity, but it can also lead to tensions around issues such as language or religion. Take a look at the Closing the Development Gap explanation for more on this topic. Refer to the information in the first quick study of this chapter and assume the periodic inventory system is used. An example of neocolonialism is the influence of the United States on the economies and governments of Latin American countries. LICs often have poorer access to safe water and suffer from the Impact of Water Insecurity. One example of post-Fordist production is the use of 3D printing to manufacture customized products on demand. transport network, money from farming, power supplies, communications What are some physical causes of uneven development? Examples include Yellowstone National Park in the United States, Serengeti National Park in Tanzania, and Galapagos National Park in Ecuador. Natural disasters can also hinder development, as well as water insecurity. The distribution of resources and access to resources has significant implications for economic development and quality of life. Answer: Environmental justice refers to the fair treatment of all people in terms of environmental decision-making and the distribution of environmental risks and benefits. Examples: lawyers, scientific companies, etc. Answer: Urbanization and globalization are interrelated as global economic forces often influence the growth of urban areas. As a result, these countries have become heavily dependent on exports to the U.S. and have become vulnerable to fluctuations in the U.S. economy. An example of how it can be used to manipulate political outcomes is the drawing of congressional districts in the United States, where the boundaries of districts are often manipulated to create safe seats for one party or the other. G) Explain the concept of a sustainable city and identify two features of a city that would make it more sustainable. This can occur due to a variety of factors, including technological change, globalization, and shifts in consumer demand. is a measure of inequality developed by an Italian statistician. Similarly, Silicon Valley in California has become a hub for technology companies due to the concentration of skilled workers, research institutions, and venture capital firms in the region. Making items for profit. Political geography is the study of the spatial distribution of political processes and the impact of these processes on the landscape and human behavior. A country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development. Example: use this on car production, The idea that there's a core and periphery for the countries of the world. If they are landlocked, there is no coastal access, blocking them off, and limiting opportunities for sea trade. Will you pass the quiz? A) Define the concept of population growth and provide one historical or contemporary example of a factor that has contributed to population growth. PDF AP Human Geography Unit 1 - Thinking Geographically: Basic Concepts Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. AP Human Geography: Practice Tests and Flashcards, The Core-Periphery Model is used by geographers to describe, People in the poorest parts of the world are primarily engaged in, Most of the people in wealthy countries are employed in, In the Core-Periphery Model the semi-periphery includes all of the following except, The back-wash effect can be best described as. It is also a domestic source of energy that can reduce a country's dependence on foreign sources of fossil fuels. In the poorest parts of the world the vast majority of the population is engaged in primary economic activities like farming, fishing, hunting, and mining. Let's take a look! Investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country. Answer: Urbanization is the process by which cities grow in size and number as more people move from rural areas to urban areas. Ameen uses straight-line depreciation for financial statement reporting and MACRS for income tax reporting. Create and find flashcards in record time. Coffee beans (the raw material) turn into coffee (the tradable product). This decline has been due in part to the outsourcing of manufacturing to countries with lower labor costs, as well as automation and other technological changes that have reduced the need for labor. What demographic equation is used to determine natural increase? People usually migrate because of push and pull factors. Ecotourism can provide economic opportunities for these communities and help to preserve their cultural traditions. Responses to uneven development - Causes and consequences of uneven Geothermal energy: This type of energy is generated using heat from the earth's core to produce electricity or to heat and cool buildings. It ultimately undermined local economies and political stability as villages' vital labour was shipped overseas preventing an agricultural revolution. Let's look further into these consequences of uneven development, with some examples, too. An example of agglomeration is the concentration of industries in a specific area or region. Each goal is accompanied by a set of specific targets and indicators to help measure progress. Rostow's Stages of Economic Growth & Least Cost Theory [AP Human For example, as populations grow, more water may be used for irrigation, leading to increased depletion of water resources. Birdwatching: This type of ecotourism involves observing and identifying birds in their natural habitat. The value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period, usually one year. 2 - Antilia tower in Mumbai, the second most expensive house in the world. Example: factory worker or refiner, Economic Sector (Services). Think about Mcdonald's or Starbucks! Using development indicators or measures of development. Example: Loans to countries in Sub Saharan Africa, Works to reduce barriers to international trade. I just directed ChatGPT to do the following: Create six free-response questions no stimulus modeled after the free-response question no stimulus found in the AP Human Geography Sample Exam located on page 167 of the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Answer: One example of a policy designed to address resource distribution challenges is revenue sharing, where revenue from the extraction and sale of natural resources is shared between the government and local communities. For example, as more people consume goods and services, the production and disposal of waste can lead to increased pollution. Achieve universal primary education. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. Answer: Population growth can impact resource consumption by increasing demand for resources such as food, water, and energy. (MDCs) Provide some kind of service. Urbanization is a global phenomenon that has significant social, economic, and environmental consequences. Is areas that provide the majority of the resources for the industrial core. Hiking and backpacking: This type of ecotourism involves exploring natural areas on foot, often along trails or in wilderness areas. Coastal and marine areas: These are areas along the coast or in the ocean that are rich in biodiversity and provide opportunities for ecotourism activities such as snorkeling, diving, and whale watching. Economic Sector (Consumer Services) usually thought of as a subset of quaternary. 3) Takeoff stage - Introduction and rapid growth (industrial revolution) of manufacturing industries, better infrastructure, financial investment, and cultural change (C)Describe one example of a boundary dispute and explain the factors that contribute to boundary disputes. Environmental determinism is the belief that the environment, most notably its physical factors such as landforms and climate, determines the patterns of human culture and societal development. The core, places like most of Europe and North America, where standards of living are high and most of the worlds products are consumed; the semi-periphery, where most manufacturing centers are and where standards of living are extremely variable; and the periphery, where most raw resources are harvested and people are extremely poor. While India is the second most populous nation in the world, the rate of economic development is much lower compared to nations like the United States (third most populous nation), Japan (tenth most populous nation), and Australia. [79e"; Ly:?M,@hZIdv*KYVBm96p#{oAOJ.1pKSm+2IBQ+FRszh289J={C=Mn^5'. Fig. The back-wash effect can be best described as __________. Physical causes of uneven development include climate, natural resource curse theory, and being landlocked. PDF AP Human Geography Causes and consequences of uneven development - BBC It analyzes spatial interdependencies between social interactions and the environment through qualitative and . With a poor economy, there is reduced investment into vital sectors such as healthcare or education, resulting in a depleted workforce (sickness or unskilled workforce), and therefore less money goes into the economy. Colonialism has occurred intensely throughout history. This shift is characterized by the use of advanced technologies, such as automation, robotics, and artificial intelligence, as well as the increasing importance of knowledge-based activities, such as design, research, and development. The U.S. is the main market for maquiladora exports, although they also export to other countries. US - only 2% of workers are in agriculture. Industrialization and Economic Growth will give power to some but will hurt others through the process of Uneven Development. For example, life expectancy in the UK in 2019 was 81.20 years old. Although the other answer choices might be generally true of the differences between fast world countries and slow world countries they are not as close to the exact definition as the correct answer. McDonald's has restaurants in over 100 countries and generates a significant portion of its revenue from international operations. The SDGs are intended to be integrated and indivisible, meaning that they are interconnected and cannot be achieved in isolation. Brain drain is when more educated people leave a country searching for better opportunities, work, or education. Answer: An example of a boundary dispute is the dispute between India and Pakistan over the territory of Kashmir. Answer: Two social consequences of urbanization are increased social isolation and decreased community cohesion. Chapter 1: Basic Concepts (Unit I: Geography: Its Nature and Perspective) Chapter Outline. the environmental impact of globalization and industrialization in various regions of the planet, the social impact of the modern cultural hearths of North America, East Asia, and western Europe, the division of the world into centers of pop culture diffusion, local cultural holdfasts, and a combination of the two. The United States has uneven development and our ranking on the HDI drops when you account for wealth inequality. C) Explain two economic consequences of urbanization, providing an example of each. There are several key principles of sustainable development, including: Intergenerational equity: This principle refers to the idea that the needs of future generations should be considered when making decisions about the use of natural resources. Answer: Two environmental consequences of urbanization are increased air pollution and loss of biodiversity. In Egypt, for . Answer: One example of a policy designed to address the challenges of population growth is family planning programs, which aim to improve access to contraception and reproductive healthcare. To find out more about the inequalities in China and their. e. demand curve Some popular destinations for ecotourism include: National parks and protected areas: These are protected areas of land and sea that are managed to conserve their natural beauty, biodiversity, and cultural values. activities that directly extract materials from the Earth. Human geography - Wikipedia The effectiveness of such programs may depend on factors such as cultural attitudes towards family planning, access to healthcare, and government support. Some of the physical factors that can cause uneven development are based on climate, the production of raw materials, and country placement. What primarily separates the so-called fast world from the slow world? a. d.f. Provides loans to countries experiencing balance-of-payments problems that threaten expansion of international trade. AP Human Geography Help Industrialization & Economic Development Contemporary Patterns of Industrialization & Development Uneven Levels of Development Example Question #1 : Uneven Levels Of Development The Core-Periphery Model is used by geographers to describe ___________. Definition. nLy,En[SP Economic growth is vital for understanding development as a whole. These can also be used to compare countries with each other. It is a clean and environmentally friendly source of power that does not produce greenhouse gases or other harmful emissions. A. fd.f. D) Explain the concept of transnationalism and describe one way in which transnationalism can impact the lives of migrants and the communities they leave and join. A subdiscipline of geography that seeks to describe and explain the absolute and relative location of economic activities, and the flows of information, raw materials, goods, and people that connect otherwise separate local, regional, and national economies. *Involves more local communities and local workers. the division of the world into major economic centers, centers of manufacturing, and extremely poor communities. In this model, a customer can design a product using computer-aided design software and then send the design to a 3D printer, which will produce the product on demand. Renewable energy refers to energy sources that are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, water, and geothermal heat. Warm climates make diseases like malaria or dengue fever more common, causing sickness, and reducing the workforce, limiting economic growth. Birth plus deaths minus immigration C. Birth plus deaths plus immigration D. Birth plus deaths minus emigration E. Births minus deaths 2. It can take place in a variety of settings, such as national parks, wildlife reserves, and coastal areas. Ecotourism can take place in a variety of natural and cultural settings around the world. Stop procrastinating with our smart planner features. (E) Analyze the impact of globalization on state sovereignty, providing at least one example of how globalization has affected the power of the state. The next AP Human Geography test will be held on Tuesday, May 4, 2023, at 8:00 AM. Determine the costs assigned to the ending inventory when costs are assigned based on FIFO. A language, on the other hand, is a standardized system of communication that is used by a community of speakers who share a common linguistic history. Find the unit price for each item listed. Industrialization consumer goods more affordable and available, Railroads increased circulation of goods, people, and ideas, Demand for raw materials increased, new sources acquired by steamship, Women gained economic power with opportunities in factories, Countries develop with more trade and more knowledge of economics, Development should be sustainable to prevent depletion of limited natural resources. An example of a historical push factor is the Irish potato famine, which led many Irish people to emigrate to other countries. AP Human Geography 320 resources . This can take the form of economic policies that favor the interests of foreign corporations and governments, or the use of military or diplomatic pressure to influence the domestic policies of a weaker country. A country that isn't very powerful, nor weak. The development level of a country can be shown using development indicators, income labels or the development continuum. How do we know if a country is developed? This causes a brain drain in the LIC, limiting economic development. Turns natural resource into something else (product for sale). Two characteristics of a state are sovereignty, which refers to its ability to govern itself without external interference, and legitimacy, which refers to the recognition of the states authority by its citizens and other states. Answer: Transnationalism refers to the ways in which migrants maintain connections to their home countries while also adapting to their new communities. The spatial grouping of people or activities for mutual benefit. More industrialized. Here are some examples of countries that are often classified as LDCs: Afghanistan Bangladesh Burkina Faso Cambodia Ethiopia Haiti Malawi Nepal Sierra Leone Tajikistan Here are some examples of countries that are often classified as MDCs: Australia Canada Japan Germany United States France United Kingdom South Korea Switzerland Sweden For instance, as more people move to cities, air pollution from transportation and industry can increase, and natural habitats may be destroyed to make way for urban development. Sustainable development is a concept that refers to the use of natural resources in a way that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. 2). Nations with high population density tend to be poverty-stricken as well, due to too many people in a given area competing for resources (agricultural, financial, etc). *Schemes are appropriate and sustainable long-term. AP Human Geo - 7.8 Sustainable Development | Fiveable It is characterized by a strong reliance on agriculture, trade, and the bartering of goods and services. For example, life expectancy in the UK in 2019 was 81.20 years old. b. demand It can provide opportunities to support local farmers and to learn about the production of food and drink. Examples include the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, the Galapagos Islands in Ecuador, and the Maldives. For example, the growing demand for electronic devices has increased the demand for minerals such as coltan, leading to increased mining in certain African countries. Due to the nature of the global economy the wealthiest countries can rely on the poorest countries to provide the bulk of their primary economic activities and the semi-developed countries to provide the bulk of their secondary economic activities. Nie wieder prokastinieren mit unseren Lernerinnerungen. Country that has recently established an industrialized economy based on manufacturing and global trade. AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Scoring Guidelines Question 1: No stimulus In most countries, the concept of the state as a political unit is subject to the tensions between centrifugal and centripetal forces. They have significant economic power and influence and are often accused of exploiting developing countries and undermining local businesses and cultures. Lack of investment By the MDCs continues to keep these countries in poverty Economic policies imposed on less developed countries by international agencies to create conditions encouraging international trade. To show whether a country is developed, there are certain development indicators or Measures of Development. The Chancellor of Germany in the 1970s divided the world into the 'Rich North' and the 'Poor South', with a line that roughly circled the world at 30. Definitions for Topics 7.1-7.8. Here are some examples of border clashes between nations of the core and the periphery: The growing fence between the U.S. (core) and Mexico (periphery) to prevent the entrance of unauthorized immigrants. Just-in-time delivery (JIT) is a supply chain management strategy in which materials and goods are delivered to the production process or to the end customer just in time for them to be used, rather than being delivered in advance or being stockpiled. (F) Explain how uneven development within a state can act as a centrifugal force. B) Explain the concept of human capital and describe one way in which investing in human capital can promote economic development. In fact, I havent even yet looked it over. (F) Explain the concept of linguistic imperialism and describe one example of its impact on language diversity. An example of this is the use of language policies to promote or suppress the use of certain languages in schools or government, which can affect the power and status of different linguistic groups. Alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit union organizing, and comply with minimum environmental and safety standards. Uneven Development - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Gross National Product (GNP) Og70dAl}gx)&~:TvZ?4HC\5bOfh~~`a!/6-~ PK;~Q=. Answer: Human capital refers to the knowledge, skills, and abilities of individuals that contribute to their productivity and economic success. Coffee is the product. Also a blogger, keynote speaker, editor, podcast host, and conference presenter. Students cultivate their understanding of human geography through data and geographic analyses as they explore topics like patterns and spatial organization, human impacts and interactions with their environment, and spatial processes and societal changes. For example, implementing public transportation options can reduce traffic congestion and improve air quality, while green spaces can improve mental health and provide opportunities for community building. Environmental Determinism Definition - ThoughtCo Births plus deaths divided by immigration B. f .=80,95d.f.=80,95 percent confidence, c. d.f.=100,95d . AP Human Geography Chapter 9 Development Flashcards | Quizlet Possible Answers: Maquiladoras are factories located in developing countries that import raw materials and export finished goods. Example: making clothes, The portion of the economy concerned with transportation, communications, and utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people in exchange for payment. That is what this whole unit is about. The city has a diverse economy, with a mix of manufacturing, service, and technology industries. For example, droughts and other extreme weather events can lead to crop failures, which can increase food prices and make it difficult for some people to access basic necessities. Uneven development - Oxford Reference Check out the AP Human Geography Ultimate Review Packet! Uneven development can result in large health disparities. Development is vastly uneven, with some countries being highly developed, while others suffer the consequences of low development. B) Describe two social consequences of urbanization, providing an example of each. Demand and prices can change for these products; if there is an increased supply of the raw materials, then the price will be much lower.

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