Acta Biomater. Today 19(3), 157168 (2016), A. Bajaj et al., Detection and differentiation of normal, cancerous, and metastatic cells using nanoparticle-polymer sensor arrays. However, there are multiple factors thatneed to be optimized for effective use of active-targeted cancer therapeutics. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Furthermore, silicon-based nanoparticles with quasi-hemispherical, discoidal and cylindrical shapes were used to study the effect of shape-dependent distribution, with discoidal particles distributed to most of the organs tested as compared to other shapes that had less diverse biodistributions [107]. Epub 2020 Oct 16. Nat. Cancer 105(4), 561567 (2003), R.B. Similarly, graphene oxide with galactosylated chitosan with doxorubicin have been developed for the treatment of cancer. Cancer Facts & Figures 2021 | American Cancer Society. Mater. The ensuing section discusses major physicochemical properties of nanomaterials and their design considerations for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Biomacromolecules 14(8), 26012610 (2013), A. Jose et al., Temperature-sensitive liposomes for co-delivery of tamoxifen and imatinib for synergistic breast cancer treatment. Biophys. Rev. Adv. 134, A. Umapathi et al., Impact of physicochemical properties and surface chemistry of nanomaterials on toxicity, in Nanotoxicology: toxicity evaluation, risk assessment and management, ed. Prog. Small 6(20), 22612265 (2010), Y.B. Soc. Intervention of nanotechnology has revolutionized the therapy of lung cancer upto a great extent by overcoming the current constraints in conventional therapies. Chem. See this image and copyright information in PMC. Chem. However, the siRNA or temozolomide treatment mediated by the folate-targeted nanocarrier was able to prevent glioma growth, the combination therapy was more effective than the individual treatment [273]. J. Pharm. Nano-Bio Interfacial Research Laboratory (NBIRL), Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur, Karnataka, 572103, India, Melbourne Integrative Genomics, School of BioSciences/School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia, School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405, USA, Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia, Suresh Kumar Bhargava&Hemant Kumar Daima, Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts (UMass) Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Kant Kalwar, NH-11C, Jaipur-Delhi Highway, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303002, India, Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode, Tamil Nadu, 638401, India, You can also search for this author in Sci. Radiation therapy can either damage DNA directly or create charged particles (atoms with an odd or unpaired number of electrons) within the cells that can in turn damage the DNA. All these observations are motivating and may change the face of cancer treatment and management. USA 95(8), 46074612 (1998), N. Bertrand et al., Cancer nanotechnology: the impact of passive and active targeting in the era of modern cancer biology. Neoplasia 6(5), 423431 (2004), Y.H. These dendritic systems have been used to deliver anticancer drugs wherein the drugs are encapsulated/conjugated with dendrimers. Nat Commun. Smart Magnetic Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Cancer. 90, 906913 (2017), V.R. Cancer is one of the primary diseases that threaten human lives. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems hold the potential to overcome such limitations. Chem. Interestingly, in contrast to the more-ligand-more-targeting notion, there have been a few observations wherein increasing ligand density to increase total affinity did not always have a linear relationship with ligand density. The authors announce no competing of interest. Res. PLoS ONE 8(10), 114 (2013), J. Shi et al., Cancer nanomedicine: progress, challenges and opportunities. Eur. -, Quazi S (2021) Telomerase gene therapy: a remission towards cancer. Biomaterials 31(13), 36573666 (2010), K. Xiao et al., The effect of surface charge on in vivo biodistribution of PEG-oligocholic acid based micellar nanoparticles. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Sci. Res. Studies show that the pH value drops to around 6.5 from physiological pH of 7.4 during the tumoral metastasis or development [66]. Release 143(3), 374382 (2010), S.A. Kulkarni, S.-S. Feng, Effects of particle size and surface modification on cellular uptake and biodistribution of polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery. Vo, G. Kilcher, N. Tirelli, Polymers and sulfur: what are organic polysulfides good for? J. Nanomed. Researchers at Stanford University recently have been developing nanotechnologies that give both anatomical size and location of prostate cancer cells (nanobubbles for ultrasound imaging) and functional information to avoid overdiagnosis/treatment as well as to monitor progression (self-assemblying nanoparticles for photoacoustic imaging). 2, 751 (2007), V.M. Cells Nanomed. In additionto functional groups on their branches, they are suitable for loading and binding diverse hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Biomaterials 35(18), 49864995 (2014), L. Guo et al., Prostate cancer targeted multifunctionalized graphene oxide for magnetic resonance imaging and drug delivery. The study has shown the sustained and pH-dependent release, in which the volume of the tumor reduced compared tothe untreated control. 2023 Feb 26;15(3):774. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030774. 27(11), 23432355 (2010), M.J. Ernsting et al., Factors controlling the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and intratumoral penetration of nanoparticles. Sci. Target substrates can be surface molecules expressed in diseased cells, proteins, sugars or lipids present in the organs, molecules present (or secreted by tumor cells) in the microenvironment of the diseased cells or even the physicochemical environment in the vicinity [46]. 2023 Apr 4;28(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s11658-023-00442-z. Am. These surface modifiable mesoporous silica nanomaterials have been exploited to deliver curcumin to breast cancer cell lines that were loaded with hyaluronan or polyethyleneimine-folic acid and were tested on mouse xenograft model [221]. 18(3), 15341541 (2018), X. Zhao et al., PEGylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes as versatile vector for tumor-specific intracellular triggered release with enhanced anti-cancer efficiency: optimization of length and PEGylation degree. Targeting specificity and payload delivery capacity are two critical parameters required to optimize the efficiency and viability of a nanoparticle-based active targeted systems in in vivo settings. Biomed. The study also demonstrated the detection of residual tumors following intraperitoneal therapy signifying the possibility of image-guided surgery to remove drug-resistant tumors [159]. This major setback has led to the development of ligand-directed liposomes for active targeting and treatment of different types of cancer. Hillier et al., Preclinical evaluation of novel glutamate-urea-lysine analogues that target prostate-specific membrane antigen as molecular imaging pharmaceuticals for prostate cancer. 65, 393404 (2018), H.K. Acad. Sci. 13(1), 89 (2013), M. 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The tested glycol-modified graphene quantum dots exhibited strong inhibitory effect on the tumor growth with minimal systemic drug toxicity in an oral squamous cell carcinoma xenograft mouse tumor model [209]. 11, 31593166 (2016), P.-C. Liang et al., Doxorubicin-modified magnetic nanoparticles as a drug delivery system for magnetic resonance imaging-monitoring magnet-enhancing tumor chemotherapy. 30(45), 299315 (2009), Y. Kato et al., Acidic extracellular microenvironment and cancer. The surface chemistry of Au nanoparticles and their use in cancer treatment have been extensively studied [125, 126]. C 96, 286294 (2019), D.D. Sci. 24(17), 24502461 (2013), M. Ma et al., Bi2S3-embedded mesoporous silica nanoparticles for efficient drug delivery and interstitial radiotherapy sensitization. Pept. Trace Elem. Google Scholar, C.-C. Song, F.-S. Du, Z.-C. Li, Oxidation-responsive polymers for biomedical applications. Therefore, synthesis and characterization of the nanomaterials for drug delivery need to be carefully performed to avoid the potential unwanted toxicity of nanocarriers to healthy cells [23]. Chem. There was 29-fold increase in therapeutic efficacy of the nanocarrier during the combination therapy when compared to control. Soc. Chem. Cancer is one of the foremost causes of death globally. Similarly, pH sensitive liposomes have also proved to be effective in increasing the drug accumulation in resistant tumor cells and are potent drug carriers that can overcome multidrug resistance. Biol. Due to the morphological similarity with cellular membranes and ability to integratewith various substances, liposomes serve as an ideal drug-carrier systems. Nanoparticles (1-100 nm) can be used to treat cancer due to their specific advantages such as biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, more excellent stability, enhanced permeability and retention effect, and precise targeting. Cells Nanomed. Mock et al., Evidence for distinct mechanisms of uptake and antitumor activity of secretory phospholipase A2 responsive liposome in prostate cancer. Saline and LPS served as negative and positive control; d size of the tumor measured after 22nd day of mice immunization; e histological sections of different organs on 23rd day after immunization of mice with different treatments (1) control, (2) soluble OVA, (3) iron oxide nanoparticles and (4) OVA-iron oxide nanoparticles. Colloids Surf. When multiple ligand molecules are accumulated onto the nanosystems, there is an overall increase in the avidity of the nanoparticles for its cognate target [45]. Application of Nanotechnology in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy - A Mini The site is secure. Colloids Surf. The designed nanoformulation was spherical in shape with 15654nm size and a negative zeta potential exhibiting increased cytotoxicity in C6 glioma cells. Daima, Contemporary developments in nanobiotechnology: applications, toxicity, sustainability and future perspective, in Nanobiotechnology: human health and the environment, ed. Mater. 9(1), 1410 (2018), J. Shi et al., Cancer nanomedicine: progress, challenges and opportunities. Similar to Au nanoparticles,silver (Ag) nanoparticles havealso been demonstrated to be used as anticancer agents for the treatment of multiple types of cancer [144,145,146,147]. These nanoparticles can be customized for various biomedical applications due to their unique characteristics such as drug solubility, stability, and preferential accumulation [267]. In this review, we discuss the development of smart nanomaterials for treating cancer, with emphasis on the strategies of drug targeting and triggering sustained release of drug from the nanocarriers. 520(1), 126138 (2017), C.T. Int. Soc. 6(4), 877884 (2018), Y.-J. Biomaterials 32(13), 34353446 (2011), O. Harush-Frenkel et al., Targeting of nanoparticles to the clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway. Specifically, the use of nanocarriers for drug delivery offers many advantages; (i) circumvent the problems of solubility and stability of anticancer drugs; (ii) prevents the drug from degradation from proteases and other enzymes and increase the half-life of the drug in the systemic circulation; (iii) improves drug distribution and targeting; (iv) helps in the sustained release of drug by targeting the cancer sites and (v) helps in delivery of multiple drugs and, therefore helps inreducing drug resistance [23]. 5 [103]. 2023 Mar 15;14:1101320. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1101320. Theranostics 8(3), 693709 (2018), G. Wang et al., Theranostic hyaluronic acid-iron micellar nanoparticles for magnetic-field-enhanced in vivo cancer chemotherapy. Int. This increased circulation time can also lead to higher potency and specific antitumor activity. 8a for delivering temozolomide and siRNA to overcome the drawbacks of acquired resistance of glioma cells and restriction of bloodbrain-barrier (BBB) for drug delivery. 49(1), 160172 (2014), P.K.B. Solidum JGN, Ceriales JA, Ong EP, Ornos EDB, Relador RJL, Quebral EPB, Lapea JFF Jr, Tantengco OAG, Lee KY. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg. Targeted nanotechnology for cancer imaging. Oncol. Nanotechnology has the potential to circumvent several drawbacks of conventional therapeutic formulations. The outcomes of the study are promising and recommend a topical nanoformulation to enhance drug efficacy against skin cancer. Eng. The .gov means its official. Release 172(3), 782794 (2013), C. Wong et al., Multistage nanoparticle delivery system for deep penetration into tumor tissue. Additionally, the size and shape of the nanomaterials impact the drug loading and release, along with the stability [102]. Privacy Disclaimer. Acta A Mol. 8(5), 565580 (2011), L. Sercombe et al., Advances and challenges of liposome assisted drug delivery. Chem. 4. Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy: Current Progress and - Springer Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and morbidity with a complex pathophysiology. Biomol. These attractive properties along with low toxicity have enabled the nanomedicine research community to use organic nanomaterials as drug delivery vehicles to target specific tissues and controlled release of the drug molecules. PMC Nanotechnology Cancer Therapy and Treatment - NCI In vivo studies of MUC1 aptamer-capped mesoporous silica nanomaterials on MDA-MB-231 tumor-bearing Balb/c mice were found to effectively target breast cancer cells and induce a dramatic reduction in cell viability [223]. Ghaffari et al., Functionalization of ZnO nanoparticles by 3-mercaptopropionic acid for aqueous curcumin delivery: synthesis, characterization, and anticancer assessment. Keywords: To overcome the hypoxia-mediated chemoresistance of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), platinum loaded, polyethylene glycol-modified graphene quantum dots (GPt) have been utilized. This gradient in the pH profile between pathological cells and normal cells can be exploited for controlled drug release. Angew. Similarly, the PEGylated liposomes have been used in delivering celastrol, irinotecan, resveratrol in the treatment of breast cancer and glioblastoma [236, 237]. Additionally, charge switchable nanoparticles have also been developed, and such nanoparticles are reported to change their surface charge in response to external stimuli, with such charge switchable nanoparticles having positive impact toward enhanced cellular uptake [117, 118]. -. Interfaces 8(42), 2846828479 (2016), Y. Wang et al., An overview of nanotoxicity and nanomedicine research: principles, progress and implications for cancer therapy. Nanomed. This important study signposts the strategy of modifying the surface of liposomes for effective delivery of anticancer drugs to treat hepatocellular carcinoma [235]. National Library of Medicine Ed. The effectiveness of anticancer drug treatment can be achieved only when the administered drug is of proper dosage and display maximal activity in the cancer cells. C 60, 569578 (2016), Y. Zhong et al., Ligand-directed active tumor-targeting polymeric nanoparticles for cancer chemotherapy. The in vivo transplantable liver tumor bearing BALB/c nude mice treated with docetaxel loaded Gal-pD-TPGS-PLA/NPs exhibited noticeable tumor growth inhibition when compared to other nanoformulations and free Taxotere. The cellular entry of nanomaterials depends on surface charge [109]. These in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed the effectiveness of combination therapy using temozolomide and siRNA for treatment of glioma and provided understanding on the folate targeted co-delivery of cancer therapeutics. Unfortunately, the understanding of EPR effects is limited by the unavailability of accurately recapitulated solid tumor models in humans. The nanoformulation exhibited a high rate of apoptosis against human liver cells and stronger anti-angiogenic effects together with inhibition of proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation [272]. Uptake was less effective with the negatively charged particles, however, indicating the role of negative surface charge on the nanoparticles, which can reduce the undesirable clearance by liver cells [111].

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