He addressed the nation's already hotly debated issue of slavery. [57] Harrison received word of the resistance through spies he had placed within the tribes, and asked Madison to fund military preparations. "[81] A very similar sentiment of the situation is related by biographer Samuel Burr. [106], Harrison promised to re-establish the Bank of the United States and extend its capacity for credit by issuing paper currency in Henry Clay's American system. [19] Harrison asked the judge for permission to marry Anna but was refused, so the couple waited until Symmes left on business. Harrison died just past midnight on the morning of April 4, 1841, thirty-two days after being inaugurated. "[5] Harrison was a signatory of the Treaty of Greenville (1795), as witness to Wayne, the principal negotiator for the U.S.[12] Under the terms of the treaty, a coalition of Indians ceded a portion of their lands to the federal government, opening two-thirds of Ohio to settlement. [7] As part of the treaty negotiations, the tribes ceded large tracts of land in the west which provided additional acreage for purchase and settlement by the nation. Harrison becomes known as Old Tippecanoe.. He reported to the Secretary of State that the country was on the edge of anarchy, and that Simn Bolvar was about to become a military dictator. The traditional story is that his long inaugural speech led to a fatal pneumonia. The Northwest Territory's population reached a sufficient number to have a congressional delegate in October 1799, and Harrison ran for election. [119] According to papers in Washington on Friday, Harrison had rallied, despite a Baltimore Sun report that his condition was of a "more dangerous character". It is the only known speech that Lincoln gave in Kentucky. Burr references M. Chavalier, who encountered Harrison in Cincinnati at this time, and described Harrison as "poor, with a numerous family, abandoned by the Federal government, yet vigorous with independent thinking". According to Burr, "Thousands and tens of thousands crowded Chesnut street wharf upon his arrival, and greeted him with continual cheering as he landed. Gazlay. He won victories in the Indiana Territory as well as Ohio and recaptured Detroit before invading Upper Canada (Ontario). Before leaving, Tecumseh informed Harrison that he would seek an alliance with the British if the Fort Wayne Treaty was not nullified. William Henry Harrison (1773-1841), Americas ninth president, served just one month in office before dying of pneumonia. But what Harrison is probably best known for is his short stint in office: less than a month after taking the Presidency, Harrison died. His tenure, from March 4, 1841, to April [45] Harrison founded a university at Vincennes in 1801, which was incorporated as Vincennes University on November 29, 1806. Harrison defeated Van Buren in the 1840 presidential election. WebWilliam Henry Harrison, an American military officer and politician, was the ninth President of the United States (1841), the oldest President to be elected at the time. Exactly one month after taking the oath of office, Harrison was dead. [63] Harrison countered and defeated the tribal forces at Prophetstown next to the Wabash and Tippecanoe Rivers; the battle became famous and he was hailed as a national hero. Harrison was born into the Harrison family of Virginia at their homestead, Berkeley Plantation. William Henry Harrison negotiates the Treaty of Fort Wayne, under which the United States acquires 2.5 million acres of land from Native American tribes. In November 1791, at age 18, he enlisted in the army as an ensign in the 10th Regiment at Fort Washington near Cincinnati (in what is now Ohio). [90] The Village of North Bend, Ohio as well as the alumni of Ohio State University claim that the state's use of the nickname "Buckeyes" began with Harrison's campaign message. Harrison launched a successful counterattack after Admiral Oliver Hazard Perry defeated British ships on nearby Lake Erie and sent Harrison the famous dispatch: We have met the enemy, and they are ours. On October 5, 1813, Harrison defeated retreating British and Native American forces at the Thames River in what is now the province of Ontario. He was the first president-elect to arrive in the capital by train. He was serving in the Army at the time and sold the land to his brother. He disputed that the Indian leaders who signed the Treaty of Greenville had the authority to sell lands he believed were held in common by all tribes. On April 3, Harrison uttered his final words, apparently directed at Vice President Tyler: Sir, I wish you to understand the true principles of the government. On July 7, 1841, Harrison was buried in the family tomb in North Bend. When was there ever before such a spectacle . [84] Harrison went on to serve as a vestry member through 1819, and then again in 1824. Harrison waited for the election results in Cincinnati. In 1836, Vice President Martin Van Buren ran as the Democratic Party candidate to succeed Jackson. He was elected to the Ohio Senate in 1819 and served until 1821 but lost a bid for governor in 1820. [20] They honeymooned at Fort Washington, since Harrison was still on military duty. [57] Tenskwatawa convinced the tribes that they would be protected by the Great Spirit and no harm could befall them if they rose up against the settlers. On January 26, 1841, Harrison left Cincinnati for the March 4 inauguration in Washington, D.C. Lucy Kenney of Fredericksburg was among the first women to be a paid political pamphleteer, writing two campaign pamphletson behalf of Harrison. WebWilliam Henry Harrison's inaugural address lasted nearly two hours, but in the days before electronic media, oratory of such duration was common. Congress convened, and on May 31, 1841, after a short period of debate in both houses, passed a joint resolution, which confirmed Tyler as president for the remainder of Harrison's term. "[114] His own cabinet attempted to countermand his appointment of John Chambers as Governor of the Iowa Territory in favor of Webster's friend James Wilson. He also was a signer of the Declaration of Independence, a member of the Continental Congress, and the governor of Virginia (178184). "[115], Harrison's only other official decision of consequence was whether to call Congress into a special session. [99][102], When Harrison came to Washington, he wanted to show that he was still the steadfast hero of Tippecanoe and that he was a better educated and more thoughtful man than the backwoods caricature portrayed in the campaign. Within days, he had a cold, which developed into pneumonia. In 1790, he entered what is now the University of Pennsylvania medical school in Philadelphia to study under Dr. Benjamin Rush, who was also a signer of the Declaration of Independence. [12] In 1793, he became Wayne's aide-de-camp and acquired the skills to command an army on the frontier;[6] he participated in Wayne's decisive victory at the Battle of Fallen Timbers on August 20, 1794, which ended the Northwest Indian War. WebWilliam Henry Harrison delivered the longest Inaugural address, at 8,445 words, on March 4, 1841a bitterly cold, wet day. It was a cold and windy day, but Harrison didnt wear a coat or hat. . I wish them carried out. He took the oath of office on Thursday, March 4, 1841, a cold and wet day. Harrison was born on February 9, 1773, at Berkeley Plantation in Charles City County to Benjamin Harrison V, a signer of the Declaration of Independence and the fifth governor of Virginia (17811784), and Elizabeth Bassett Harrison. Anna never moved into the White House. [123], The prevailing theory at the time was that his illness had been caused by the bad weather at his inauguration three weeks earlier. The speech is well over 8,000 words double that of any other. [5] Tecumseh was traveling in 1811, leaving Tenskwatawa in charge of Indian forces. Soon thereafter, funds were cut off for Harrisons schooling, and at age eighteen he joined the First Infantry of the U.S. Army as an ensign after receiving a recommendation from Virginia governor Henry Light-Horse Harry Lee. The session would have begun on May 31 as scheduled if Harrison had lived. He named it Fort Meigs in honor of Ohio governor Return J. Meigs Jr. FELLOW-CITIZENS: Before my arrival at the seat of Government the painful communication was made to you by the officers presiding over the several Departments [91] A swing of just over 4,000 votes in Pennsylvania would have given that state's 30 electoral votes to Harrison and the election would have been decided in the House of Representatives. [128], That June, Harrison's body was transported by train and river barge to North Bend, Ohio, and he was buried on July 7 at the summit of Mt. Instead, in May 1800, Adams appointed Harrison governor of the newly created Indiana Territory, which comprised, until 1809, a much larger area than the present state of Indiana. Deaths from pneumonia in Washington, D.C. Delegates to the United States House of Representatives from the Northwest Territory, Democratic-Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives. A very long speech and a very short Presidential term. The official cause of death was pneumonia. On December 4, 1839, the Whigs opened their first convention in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, to choose a nominee for the 1840 presidential race. [59] Tecumseh then began shouting at Harrison and called him a liar. ", "Death in the White House: President William Henry Harrison's Atypical Pneumonia", "William Henry Harrison Funeral: April 7, 1841", "Twelve Years a Slave: Narrative of Solomon Northup", Hopkins, John Tyler and the Presidential Succession, John Tyler (April 9, 1841) Upon Assuming the Office of President of the United States, The White House, Anna Tuthill Symmes Harrison, "Essays on Article II: Presidential Succession", "A controversial President who established presidential succession", "William Henry Harrison: Impact and Legacy", "William Henry Harrison Birthday Tribute", "The United States Mint Coins and Medals Program", "John Tyler and the Presidential Succession", "Address Upon Assuming the Office of President of the United States", Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, William Henry Harrison Papers Library of Congress, Papers of William Henry Harrison, 18001815, Announcement of William Henry Harrison Impending Death, Essays on Harrison, each member of his cabinet and First Lady, William Henry Harrison Biography and Fact File, Biography by Appleton's and Stanley L. Klos, "Life Portrait of William Henry Harrison", Representative of Ohio's 1st congressional district, Delegate of Northwest Territory's at-large congressional district, 1822 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio, Equestrian statue of William Henry Harrison, Northwest Territory's at-large congressional district, Unsuccessful major party candidates for President of the United States, United States Senate Committee on Armed Services, First International Conference of American States, List of federal judges appointed by Benjamin Harrison, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Henry_Harrison&oldid=1151769568, 19th-century presidents of the United States, American people of the Northwest Indian War, Candidates in the 1836 United States presidential election, Candidates in the 1840 United States presidential election. [139] Harrison died nearly penniless, and Congress voted his wife Anna a presidential widow's pension of $25,000,[140] one year of Harrison's salary (equivalent to about $657,000 in 2021). [90] The Democrats charged that, by running several candidates, the Whigs sought to prevent a Van Buren victory in the electoral college, and force the election into the House. [2] His father also served in the Virginia legislature and as the fifth governor of Virginia (17811784) in the years during and after the American Revolutionary War. [32] Freeholders were permitted to buy smaller lots with a down payment of only five percent, and this became an important factor in the Territory's rapid population growth. In 1799, he was elected as the territory's non-voting delegate in the United States House of Representatives. He was a son of Benjamin Harrison V, a Founding Father of the United States. Please select which sections you would like to print: Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. His sole concession to Clay was to name his protg John J. Crittenden to the post of Attorney General. He and Clay had disagreed over the necessity of such a session, and Harrison's cabinet proved evenly divided, so the president initially vetoed the idea. At a Glance Video Search Life Portrait Survey Result. [54], President Jefferson, primary author of the Northwest Ordinance, made a secret compact with James Lemen to defeat the nascent pro-slavery movement supported by Harrison. [143] Harrison, age 68 at the time of his inauguration, was the oldest person to assume the U.S. presidency, a distinction he held until 1981, when Ronald Reagan was inaugurated at age 69. In 1831, Harrison closed his farms corn distillery after his son William Henry Harrison Jr. became an alcoholic. Infectious disease deaths in Washington, D.C. National Republican Party United States senators, People from Charles City County, Virginia, Presidents of the United States who died while in office, Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio, United States Army personnel of the War of 1812, Whig Party presidents of the United States, Whig Party (United States) presidential nominees, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata namespace mismatch, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, John Cleves Symmes (17981830), who married the only surviving daughter of, This page was last edited on 26 April 2023, at 03:30. After the War of 1812, he moved to Ohio where, in 1816, he was elected to represent the state's 1st district in the House of Representatives. But his tenure was short. [88], Burr closes his account of Harrison by describing an event, denied by some of his friendsa reception given the general at Philadelphia, in 1836. William Henry Harrison The Whigs boasted of Harrison's military record and his reputation as the hero of the Battle of Tippecanoe. Authors Gugin and St. Clair claim the resignation was forced upon him. William Henry Harrison - Simple English Wikipedia, the Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Timeline | Articles and Essays | William Henry Harrison [5] Biographer James Hall claims that Harrison found in Columbia a military despotism and that "his liberal opinions, his stern republican integrity, and the plain simplicity of his dress and manners, contrasted too strongly with the arbitrary opinions and ostentatious behaviour of the public officers, to allow him to be long a favourite with those who had usurped the power of that government. [130] The same day Tyler was sworn into office in front of Harrison's cabinet. Six white horses pulled a hearse carrying Harrisons casket draped in black velvet in a long funeral procession up Pennsylvania Avenue to Congressional Cemetery, where Harrison was temporarily entombed in the Public Vault. William Henry Harrison is the leading vote getter among four Whig Party candidates in the 1836 presidential election won by Democrat Martin Van Buren of New York. [73][74] After the war ended, Congress investigated Harrison's resignation and determined that Armstrong had mistreated him during his military campaign and that his resignation was justified. "[5] Matters eventually became cordial with the father-in-law, who later sold the Harrisons 160 acres (65ha) of land in North Bend, which enabled Harrison to build a home and start a farm. Behind the casket trotted the riderless Whitey, the symbol of a fallen hero. William Henry Harrison is elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Ohio. Democrats mocked him as General Mum and said the Whigs were keeping their aged candidate locked in an Iron Cage. Then Harrison accepted an invitation to speak at a celebration of the siege at Fort Meigs. Emeritus Professor of Humanities The campaign slogan "Tippecanoe and Tyler, Too" became one of the most famous in American politics. On November 25, 1795, Harrison eloped with twenty-year-old Anna Tuthill Symmes, the well-educated daughter of John Cleves Symmes, a former chief justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey who was one of southwestern Ohios biggest land speculators. Gen. James Winchester, whom Harrison had ordered to prepare to cross Lake Erie on the ice and surprise Fort Maiden, turned back to rescue the threatened American settlement at Frenchtown (now Monroe, Michigan), on the River Raisin, and there on January 22, 1813, was forced to surrender to Col. Henry A. Procter. The following year he was made a lieutenant and subsequently served as an aide-de-camp to Gen. Anthony Wayne, who was engaged in a struggle against the Northwest Indian Confederation over the westward encroachment of white settlers. [103], Harrison wrote in a letter dated March 10, "I am so much harassed by the multitude that calls upon me that I can give no proper attention to any business of my own. [11], On August 16, 1791, within 24 hours of meeting Lee, Harrison, age 18, was commissioned as an ensign in the Army and assigned to the First American Regiment. [81][82], Harrison returned to the United States and his North Bend farm, living in relative privacy after nearly four decades of government service. Old Tip he wore a homespun coat, he had no ruffled shirt: wirt-wirt, In summary, President Harrisons speech mainly discussed how the Harrison's wife, Anna, was too ill to travel A group arrived in his office on March 16 to demand the removal of all Democrats from any appointed office, and Harrison proclaimed, "So help me God, I will resign my office before I can be guilty of such an iniquity! He attempted to secure the post as Secretary of War under President Monroe in 1817 but lost out to John C. Calhoun. [121], No official announcements were made concerning Harrison's illness, which fueled public speculation and concern the longer he remained out of public view. Inaugural Speeches Ranked By Word Count - WFYI A brother, Carter Bassett Harrison, served six years in the House of Representatives. Later, he led a military force against Tecumseh's confederacy at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811, where he earned the nickname "Old Tippecanoe". They cast him as a provincial, out-of-touch old man who would rather "sit in his log cabin drinking hard cider" than attend to the administration of the country. The popular vote was closer with Harrison getting 52.9 percent of the total. While Tecumseh was away recruiting allies, Harrison led approximately 1,000 troops to attack the settlement, camping a short distance from Prophetstown. In Seneca Falls, New York, soon-to-be woman suffrage activist Amelia Bloomer helped her husband edit his Whig newspaper. Several monuments and memorial statues have been erected in tribute to Harrison. Lieutenant Harrison, who rendered the most essential service by communicating my orders in every direction conduct and bravery exciting the troops to press for victory. At Fort Meigs near the village of Toledo in Ohio, Harrisons forces withstood a siege by the British and their Native American allies led by Tecumseh. He said little of the national bank, except he mentioned he was open to paper money, rather than metallic currency.
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