Bhutans rich heritage and vibrant culture has its distinctive traditions and customs demonstrated in its religious festivals and architecture. It is renowned for its physiographic and eco-climatic variations, Himalayan ranges, natural beauty, protected areas, rich bio-diversity, spectacular landscape, extraordinary cultural heritage and mosaic of ethnic diversity [31]. Our national parks have been described as Americas Best Idea. This chapter focuses on review of ecotourism researches throughout the world. It consists of eight World Cultural Heritage Sites: Bhaktapur, Patan and Kathmandu Durbar Squares; Swayambhunath; Baudhanath; Pashupatinath; Changunarayan and Lumbini (the birth place of Lord Buddha) combined with two worlds Natural Heritage Sites: Sagarmatha and Chitwan National Parks [31]. Today, one can no longer speak of this kind of tourism. Gallagher and Hammerschlag [60] conducted a study to examine the distribution, frequency and economic value of shark based ecotourism. Different issues of ecotourism were raised by different researchers throughout the world. In such ecotourism, the ecosystem is able to absorb or adapt the pressures of tourists until it develops a more urban character [16]. The versatility in Omans topography makes it an interesting place for tourism. Community-based programs such as community organizing, environmental education and leadership training should be done with the involvement of relevant stakeholders in a collective manner [28]. DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2023.03.002. She states in the essay that tourists can get trapped in the grass is always greener on the other side effect. Tourism is a major contributor to Nepals economy and helps in economic development, job creation, increase in household consumption and poverty alleviation. Ecotourism can give you a good feeling Many of us subconsciously know that our conventional way of traveling is quite harmful to our environment and that we have to make a change in order to protect our planet. Communities try to enhance economic importance and wanted to develop a greater involvement in the future [54]. But from 2009 to 2012, annual growth rate of tourist and average length of stay was in increasing trend. Lugu Lake region is one of the most important areas for ecosystem conservation and cultural heritage protection in China [26]. The idea of ecotourism is to enhance the conservation of wild spaces and species in an ecosystem through the promotion of natural resources as a tourist attraction. Capitalism works this way. For this, 243 respondents having ecotourism experience were surveyed based on the nature and learning criteria of previous segmentation studies. As an industry, it also has the potential to lead to some unintended consequences associated with bringing too many people to our wild places. Tourism as an industry contributes to various aspects of the economy, examples include various service industries including, but not limited to: transportation services, like airlines, cruise lines, and taxis, as well as accommodation services, like hotels or resorts, and finally entertainment services, like stadiums, and shopping malls. Half of park visitor entrance fees are allocated to local management committees for development projects of their choice such as road improvements, construction of tables for a primary school, well and public toilet construction and building rehabilitation [65]. Ecotourism has helped in environmental conservation, natural regeneration, new plantations, increase in forest cover, protection of natural resources and biological diversity, conservation of flora and fauna and decrease in deforestation and hunting rate. [19] conducted a study in Bhutan to assess the relationship of tourism, development, culture and environment. Tourism had provided alternative mechanism of resource utilization in Chinas nature reserves but it is causing adverse impact on environmental resources. In this essay, I will delineate them all with pertinent arguments and examples before deducing a quintessential conclusion. Since joining Carnival, HAL has been one recognized as a leader in the cruise industry in its environmental sustainability. Ecotourism has immense potential to help in poverty alleviation in Nepal. Obua [48] conducted a study to assess the environmental impacts of recreation on camping sites and nature trails in Kibale National Park in Uganda. Tourists in a delicate ecosystem loose contamination and the impact that may result in unforeseen ways, Moreover, it can also make up for the latest information and provides research on eco tourism market, and to strengthen through the most effective channels, including online forums and groups, websites, social media access them, mailing lists, in more remote areas, radio broadcasting. It would be easier and faster to select appropriate literature for them. There is also the issue of keeping wildlife wild. Sometimes increased human interaction with wildlife can be degrading or disruptive to the balance of a natural areas systems. Development of strong leadership, commitment and sufficient resource is necessary to cope with impact of climate change on tourism sector [43]. Ecotourism and Protected areas | UNWTO - World Companies are recognizing these benefits for employees, and students performance can improve after spending time outside. The paper will provide arguments in favor and against animal protection in an attempt to explain the necessity to protect endangered species. It requires that entire ecosystems, or at least the biological diversity that they contain, are managed in relation to the tourism experience [16]. For this, a sample of 315 international visitors were surveyed in April and May of 2006 in Ghorepani. Amati [30] conducted a study in Kimana Community Wildlife Sanctuary, Kenya to explore individual and household experiences of long-term participation with the help of in-depth interviews, a survey, participant observation and secondary data. Developing countries such as Nepal have advantage in ecotourism as they have unique natural environment and culture. If the livelihoods are directly dependent on legal and sustainable use of park resource and services, an agreement for internal control is relevant to regulate access to benefits and prevent selfish behavior [61]. Ecotourism provides fixed price of available services in a package as per the choice of the tourist in the format of a menu in Barpak [38]. NPS activities provide more than 200,000 jobs and have $30 billion impact on the economy of the U.S. through visitor spending. Ecosystem tourism is supply-led tourism strategy that enables sustainable development with the central theme of ecosystem integrity. It is differentiated from nature-based tourism as it helps in sustainable rural development and makes biodiversity conservation economically viable for local communities [2]. For appropriate training approach, research on evaluation of formal training and follow up training is necessary. Successful ecotourism initiatives may draw increasing interest and a correspondingly higher number of tourists, thus intensifying negative impacts such as solid waste generation, habitat disturbance, and trail erosion. Becken and Clapcott [43] conducted a study in Fiji and New Zealand with the help of a research to make appropriate policy to cope with impacts of climate change. Ecotourism can also commodify local cultures and traditions, reducing them to a set of marketable products or experiences. There is conflicting experiences of participation in conceptualization and operation of their communal ecotourism initiative. The disadvantages include the dependence on foreigners for revenue, the dehumanization of locals, and the erasure of culture and sovereignty. International organizations, which often fund ecotourism projects, must also coordinate with government agencies and local non-profits [2]. In the past couple of years, the national parks have made headlines several times because of human misbehavior. Lacher and Nepal [58] conducted a study to document and examine local-level strategies employed to reduce leakages of tourism revenue in three peripheral regions of Northern Thailand. Oman is known for its tourist attractions from all around the world. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. Ecotourism provides benefits to visitors, local economies and our national identity. Therefore, Tourism in Oman need to be better promoted to the whole world through the different marketing tools available nowadays such as. SENCER aims to create an intelligent, educated, and empowered citizenry through advancing knowledge in the STEM fields and beyond. Cheung and Jim [29] conducted a study in four remote ecotourism hot spots in Hong Kong to understand the resource base and visitor attitude and expectation. Some wonder how increased visitation in recent and upcoming years may negatively and positively affect our wild lands, and how we might curb the negative impacts. Tourism is also providing revenue to the park authority and income to local people [24]. Such impacts could seriously threaten the resources upon which ecotourism depends [6]. In conclusion, ecotourism can have negative impacts on local communities if it is not properly planned and managed. The ecotourism industry is taken as the driving force to accelerate the socio-economic development, change the traditional growth patterns and construct a harmonious and environment-friendly society [71]. It develops mutual help and cooperation, controls antisocial activities, conserves religious and cultural heritage, maintains peace and prosperity in the society and increases cooperation of people with religious beliefs and religious tolerance. Hector Ceballos Lascurain coined the term, Ecotourism in 1983 to describe the nature-based travel to relatively undisturbed area with an emphasis on education [1]. 04/26/2023. AUDIO: NPR The relative economic importance of shark-based tourism at global scale and potential implications of the industry was evaluated. There is nature-based tourism in Australia, Tanzania and New Zealand. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. A qualitative research was conducted on an individual and personalized basis. Stakeholders of climate change, tourism and both the field were involved in policy-making process. This is because sustainable tourism often requires additional investments in infrastructure and technologies to reduce the negative impacts of tourism. Shangri-La County in China has abundant tourism resources and products but the natural resources were exploited beyond the carrying capacity. There will be direct and indirect participants and beneficiaries looking after environmental conservation, business enterprise and community development [1]. Methodologies implemented by different researchers were quiet similar but the objectives and study area were different. Due to all of these benefits, many people support, as well. Ecotourism can also contribute to environmental degradation if it is not properly planned and managed. In addition, our national parks provide a unique American experience, bringing people together to learn about our national heritage. WebFor high debt ratios (above 95 percent) the impact of additional debt has a negative impact on economic activity, suggesting a nonlinear threshold level somewhere between 67 and 95 percent of GDP. Although it may be assumed that tourism can only bring about positive economic impacts to destinations through economic benefits, negative impacts also exist. Issues such as challenges to ecotourism, impacts of ecotourism focusing on environmental aspects, social aspects and economic aspects, visitors attitude towards ecotourism, role of local guide in ecotourism and ecotourism certification were raised by the researchers. They include the depletion of local natural resources as well as pollution and waste problems. It is one of the meaningful sources of economic development and job creation. Beside that, working with the media and use it an effective educational tool for promoting accurate and informative reporting of ecotourism, avoiding green washing, improve the image of the industry, and to encourage adhere to the principle of ecotourism. framework to help ensure an appropriate balance of visitation and protection, which can be difficult. Forest coverage rate can be increased which provide solid foundation for developing ecotourism [71]. "Provincial Assessment of the Impacts of Coal Phase-out in China using the GTAP-E-Power model". Zambrano et al. It has brought a lot of economic income for the local villagers [5]. Our website is made possible by displaying online advertisements to our visitors. Hence, trainings on skills, knowledge and quality development is necessary. Website:National Park Service One disadvantage of sustainable tourism is that it can be more expensive than traditional tourism. WebTourism can also have negative impacts on the area. Wadi's deserts, beaches, and mountains are areas which make Oman different to other gulf countries. Different studies are conducted to assess the issues of ecotourism. It involves first round of panel discussion for generation of ideas and the second round for ranking and scoring of measurement items. Overtourism Effects: Positive and Negative Impacts for Copy of Westerners clothing by wearing vests by young people is intolerable in some place [53]. Developed as well as developing countries , such as Nepal, are promoting ecotourism for sustainable development of the nation. The research was based on training models, program aims, structure and content of existing training, trainers and trainees assessment methods and program evaluation. It consumes scarce resources, produces waste by-products and requires specific infrastructure and superstructure to support it [73]. and Thapa Parajuli [36] conducted a study in Manaslu conservation area (MCA) in Gorkha district of Nepal to assess the impact of ecotourism on livelihood of local people. Nature guiding training is provided to local communities to enhance themselves in this sector.

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