Where do I position indirect fire observers? The goal of this step, generating options, is to determine one or more of those ways quickly. In doctrinal terms, he asksIs the enemy oriented on the terrain, example, a reconnaissance force, his own force (assault force, terrorists, or insurgent forces), civilian forces or critical infrastructure (terrorist or insurgent forces, sabotage), or other supporting or adjacent friendly forces (as in a disruption zone)? Analyze how vital civilian areas affect the missions of respective forces and how military operations affect these areas. Population statuses overlays can best describe groups and define what feelings the group has toward American forces. If it does, the leader's job is to take the existing solution and modify it to his unique situation. The leader determines the effects of each aspect of terrain on both friendly and enemy forces. How will cloud cover affect the target acquisition of the command launch unit? At greater altitudes, it can increase or reduce fuel consumption. In developing the concept of the operation , the leader clarifies in his mind the best ways to use the available terrain and to employ the unit's strengths against the enemy's weaknesses. Next, the leader analyzes relative combat power, generates options, arrays his forces, develops a CONOP, assigns responsibility, and prepares a COA statement and sketch. A-96.People is a general term describing all nonmilitary personnel military forces encountered in the area of operation. I could barely see the ground. Only those requiring resources should be used. This characteristic addresses terrain analysis from a civilian perspective. Cabanatuan Essays: Examples, Topics, Titles, & Outlines From developing a strategy to analyzing, refining, and rehearsing the plan, a leader should be knowledgeable in the following areas detailed under this subheading to construct a solid COA. Categories of terrain, unrestricted terrain free of restrictions to movement, so no actions are needed to enhance mobility. For example, a breach requires an assault element, support element, breach element, security element, and possibly a reserve. The COA must address the doctrinal aspects of the mission. NSF requires a biographical sketch for each individual identified as senior personnel. They take five steps to fully analyze their assigned mission as directed from higher . This is not for analysis, but to show subordinates the details of the anticipated enemy COA. Where will the enemy be unable to concentrate fires? Template of enemy forces and essential weapon systems. What locations have clear observation and fields of fire along enemy avenues of approach? _____ (60 points total) COURSE OF ACTION STATEMENT Existing obstacles, natural include rivers; forests; mountains; ravines; gaps and ditches more than three meters wide; tree stumps and large rocks more than 18 inches high; forests with trees eight inches or more in diameter, with less than four meters between trees. How do I get him to go there? This preview shows page 13 - 24 out of 34 pages. If the benefits of performing the mission do not significantly outweigh the inherent risks of marginal/borderline weather, the flight should be a no-go or implement alternate transportation to accomplish the mission safely. 5. A-113. After the COA briefing, the commander selects or modifies those COAs for continued analysis. A-91. Also, they identify the tasks, purposes, and dispositions for all adjacent maneuver elements under headquarters control. They also must understand leaders' intent (two levels up). 3. Identify the essential communicators and formal and informal processes used to influence people. He might do it personally, by map, or with his subordinate units, or he can use the assets and information provided by the battalion reconnaissance platoon. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each avenue? Avenues of approach are classified the same as mobility corridors. Similarly, shaping operation purposes must relate directly to those of the decisive operation. Avenues of approach are classified by type (mounted, dismounted, air, or subterranean), formation, and speed of the largest unit traveling on it. EEFI are the critical aspects of a friendly operation if known by the enemy, that subsequently would compromise or lead to failure of the operation. COA Statement and Sketch - LegitWriting For armored forces, unrestricted terrain typically is flat or moderately sloped, with scattered or widely spaced obstacles such as trees or rocks. Analysis of troops and support answers the question: What assets are available to accomplish the mission? (DRAW-D [defends, reinforce, attack, withdraw, or delay]). PDF From Visual to Logical Representation A GIS-Based Sketching Tool for Sometime before sunset, I headed out to preflight the aircraft. These may be indigenous, come from a third country or U.S. agencies. A-112. R&S assets and, most importantly, his and his higher headquarters pattern analysis and deductions about the enemy in his AO. COA statement should identify -Decisive point, and what makes it decisive. Other crewmembers noticed the same thing. It is a conclusion, usually arrived at after enemy analysis and COA development, rather than an observation: A-48. Although EEFIs are not part of the CCIRs, they still become priorities when the leader states them. A-30. Do not discuss this assignment or your answers with anyone other than a Department of Distance Education (DDE) instructor or your academic advisor area of operation as well as the doctrinal requirements for each specified task might reveal the implied tasks. A sketch typically includes symbols of friendly and enemy units, assembly. On this day, he made the decision to shut down and wait for the weather to pass. The normal cycle for defensive missions is engagement area development and preparation of the battle positions, actions in the EA, counterattack, and consolidation and reorganization. Defined Operational Environment Capabilities Determine Time Phase Lines (TPLs) and Mobility Corridors 3. -Form of maneuver or type of defensive operation. A-120. Where (the objective or location stated in company OPORD), and. Tactical risk is associated with hazards existing due to the enemy's presence. Are clear observation and fields of fire available on or near the objective for enemy observers and weapon systems? At small-unit level, the enemy's most probable COA is what the enemy is most likely to do. A-49. If commanders reject all COAs, the . Echeloning and identifying of enemy observation and indirect fires. How the COA accounts for minimum essential stability tasks. For example, they might have to move in columns rather than in lines. He then must task organize his forces specific to the respective essential tactical tasks and purposes assigned to his subordinate elements. This understanding makes it possible to exercise disciplined initiative. Higher headquarters (two levels up) mission, intent, and concept. Even if it offers clear observation and fields of fire, it offers nothing if the enemy can easily bypass it, or if the selected course of action involves maneuver on a different avenue of approach. A-98. They identify the tasks and purposes, and how their immediate higher up are contributing to the fight. When analyzing terrain, leaders consider manmade features and effects on natural terrain features and climate. In common usage, especially when applied to lower military units, a mission is a duty or task assigned to an individual or unit. The purpose of COA development is to determine one or more ways to accomplish the mission consistent with the immediate higher commander's intent. Although he usually does not prepare IPB products for his subordinates, he must be able to use the products of the higher headquarters IPB. The decisive point might orient on terrain, enemy, time, or a combination of these. The result of the COA development process is paragraph 3 of the OPORD. A-116. Course of Action Development, Offense The leader identifies critical factors about temperature, including high and low temperatures, infrared crossover times, and effects of obscurants and This doctrinal requirement provides a framework for the leader to develop a COA. Based on the S-2s assessment and enemy's doctrine and current location, the leader must determine the enemy's capabilities. A-77. To identify friendly coordination requirements. PIR are best expressed in a question being answered yes or no. Another example of essential terrain for a platoon and squad in the attack is high ground overlooking the enemy's reverse-slope defense. Although the battle captain knew the environmental conditions, he told us we had legal weather and expected us to accomplish the mission. ATP 2-01.3 for more information. One technique is to use the warfighting functions as a checklist to address every significant element the enemy brings to the fight. The leader must consider two kinds of risk: tactical and accident. Performance Knowledge Bases program is an example of an enabling tool towards that goal. If he has developed more than one COA, he applies this same analysis to each COA developed. For example, in an attack against a defending enemy, the COA must address the movement to, deployment against, assault of, and consolidation upon the objective. COA Statement and Sketch - BestAcademicExperts.com The two flight crews met at the TOC for the mission briefing. Lessons Learned The concept of the operation describes how the leader envisions the operation unfolding, from its start to its conclusion or end state. Finally, he must update previous timelines for his subordinates, listing all events affecting the platoon and its subordinate elements. Yet, when we actually made it to our destination, we could not see the other end of the airfield. We boarded our aircraft, started the engines and positioned ourselves at the passenger terminal to pick up our first passengers for the evening. Extremes of temperature and humidity reduce personnel and equipment capabilities and may require the use of special shelter or equipment. If he has no mutually supporting mobility corridors, then a single mobility corridor might become an avenue of approach. The COA statement briefly expresses how the unit will conduct the combined arm concept. Avenues of Approach What axes afford both clear fields of fire and cover and concealment? In short, he strives to determine where, when, and how his unit's combat power (the effects of maneuver, firepower, protection, leadership, and information) can overwhelm the enemy's ability to generate combat power. For sustaining operations, it accomplishes the assigned purpose, which enables both the shaping and decisive operation (again, nested concept). How will temperature and humidity affect the unit's rate of march? Analyzing METT-TC is a continuous process. When integrated with terrain, the refined product becomes the unit's operations overlay. Consideration of the weather's effects is an essential part of the leader's mission analysis. The leader looks at specific enemy actions during a given operation and uses the appropriate situation template to gain insights into how the enemy may fight. A prominent hilltop overlooking an avenue of approach might or might not be key terrain. On another mission, we were told we had legal weather, the forecaster reporting three miles visibility. How do our forces build national will in our area of operations? Identify number of units needed and operational. PDF Sketch Recognition for Course of Action Diagrams Goal is to develop COAs for every feasible ECOA; however, the commander usually limits that option with his guidance. Most missions and tasks can be accomplished in more than one way. You may begin work on the COA S&S after you have . Beginning with the decisive point identified during mission analysis, the leader identifies the decisive operation's purpose and purposes of his shaping and sustaining operations. This is why the leader must develop a tactically sound and flexible plan. The fifth mission variable of METT-TC is time available. 6. Concept Statement & Sketch - YouTube Complete. Leaders in small units primarily use the COA statement and COA sketch to describe the concept of the operation. Most terrorists and insurgents depend on the support or neutrality of the civilian population to camouflage them. If I must support a breach, where is the expected breach site and where will the enemy be overwatching the obstacle? Designating a decisive point is critical to the leader's vision of how he will use combat power to achieve the purpose, how he will task-organize his unit and how his shaping operations will support the decisive operation, and how the decisive operation will accomplish the unit's purpose. This should include at least the employment of reserves, CBRN weapons, artillery or mortar locations and ranges, and reconnaissance assets. The battle captain instructed us to at least attempt to fly to our first stop. What terrain has higher headquarters named as key? However, if it offers cover and concealment, observation, and good fields of fire on multiple avenues of approach, or on the only avenue of approach, then it offers a definite advantage to whoever controls it. A-23. Some additional visibility considerations include: Read the following vignette to learn more about the visibility aspect of weather. Defining other influential organizations or groups of influence allows for information collection. (Refer to COA analysis (war gaming) brings together friendly and enemy forces on the actual terrain to visualize how the operation will unfold. A-67. Risk assessment is the identification and assessment of hazards allowing a leader to implement measures to control hazards. A-68. How will each avenue of approach affect the rate of movement of each type force? It is not merely a calculation and comparison of friendly and enemy weapons numbers or units with the aim of gaining a numerical advantage. Will variations in trafficability force changes in formations or movement techniques, or require clearance of restricted terrain? A-62. These two products are the basis for paragraph 3 of the OPORD. He analyzes the area surrounding key terrain, objectives,engagement area, and obstacles. It enables him, A-123.

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