[37] All had to adapt their HSR train-sets to China's own common standard and assemble units through local joint ventures (JV) or cooperate with Chinese manufacturers. A unit of Russia's state-owned JSC Russian Railways signed a contract with the design unit of China's state-controlled China Railway Group to come up with the plans for a 770 kilometer high-speed rail between the two Russian cities. The fastest commercial train service measured by peak operational speed is the, The fastest commercial train service measured by average train speed is the CRH express service on the, The fastest timetabled start-to-stop runs between a station pair in the world are trains G17/G39 on the, The top speed attained by a non-maglev train in China is 487.3km/h (302.8mph) by a, This page was last edited on 1 May 2023, at 05:10. At 309 million (about $377 million) per mile, the U.K.'s High Speed 2 line, which is currently under construction, is the most . The COVID-19 epidemic hurt China's high-speed railway sector last year, but the Beijing-Shanghai section, which will turn 10 on Wednesday, remained profitable, spurring the introduction of a new model of Fuxing bullet train on the prime stretch, offering better services and safety, said senior executives of the company that operates the line . Sanctions: Economic Weapon of the New Cold War - MR Online [34] These concerns have prevented the construction of the proposed extension of the maglev to Hangzhou. In the same year, the Ministry of Science and the MOR agreed to a joint action plan for the indigenous innovation of high-speed trains in China. [99] The speed of the remaining 350km/h (217mph) trains between Shanghai and Hangzhou was reduced to 300km/h (186mph) as of August 28, 2011. passenger dedicated lines (PDLs) with a design speed of 350km/h (217mph), regional lines connecting major cities with a design speed of 250km/h (155mph), and. Supporters argued that high-speed rail would boost future economic growth. [37] It supplied the technology for the CRH3C, based on the ICE3 (class 403) design, to CNR's Tangshan Railway Vehicle Co. Ltd. By 2008, as part of the infrastructure development plan that accompanied the country hosting the Olympic Games, high-speed trains between Beijng and Tainjin were introduced and set the world record for average journey speed at 313km/h . [4], China Railway High-speed (CRH) () is the major high-speed rail service provided by state-owned railway manufacturing and construction corporation China Railway. 110,000 mainland Chinese tourists leave Hong Kong on first day of [187][53], The spread of high-speed rail has forced domestic airlines in China to slash airfare and cancel regional flights. [71] The CRH380A trainsets on the BeijingShanghai high-speed railway could reach a top operational speed of 380km/h (240mph) but were limited to 300km/h (186mph). [51] In response to the global economic recession, the government accelerated the pace of HSR expansion to stimulate economic growth. Most of the components of the CRH trains manufactured by Chinese companies were from local suppliers, with only a few parts imported. 'Harmony') is for designs which are imported from other nations and designated CRH-1 through CRH-5 and CRH380A(L), CRH380B(L), and CRH380C(L). [61] China's once profitable railways records $900bn debt over push for growth How profitable is China's high-speed rail? - by Glenn Luk This stands over three times the HSR distance of the. The Beijing Shanghai route has been always full and making big money even during the pandemic. High-speed ridership statistics in China are often reported as the number of passengers carried by high-speed EMU train sets, and such figures typically include passengers on EMU trains operating on non-high speed track or at service speeds below 200km/h (124mph).[19]. The order had a similar delivery structure with three shipped directly from Savigliano along with six kits assembled by CNR's CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles, and the rest locally made with transferred technology and some imported parts. To better compete with foreign trainmakers, the central authorities arranged for the merger of the country's two main high-speed train-makers, CSR and CNR, into CRRC. China's flagship high-speed rail project in Indonesia is expected to become profitable 40 years after completion - not 20 as earlier projected - partly because plans to shift the capital to . [69][70] In June, the MOR maintained that high-speed rail construction was not slowing down. High-speed trains on PDLs can generally reach 300350km/h (190220mph). [158] To prevent that eventuality, the MOR is trying to improve management of its rapidly growing HSR holdings. This decision ended the debate and cleared the way for rapid construction of standard gauge, passenger dedicated HSR lines in China.[35][36]. ZhengzhouXi'an high-speed railway is estimated to run 59 trains in 2010 and 125 trains in 2018, yet in 2016 there are merely around 30 trains on operation, causing a 1.4 billion loss. [52] In addition, high-speed rail fares are considerably more expensive than conventional rail service. ZhengzhouXi'an high-speed railway is estimated to run 59 trains in 2010 and 125 trains in 2018, yet in 2016 there are merely around 30 trains on operation, causing a 1.4 billion loss. Later, we began to independently develop high-speed CRH trains with a maximum velocity of 300350 kilometers per hour, which eventually rolled off the production line in December 2007. [220] In November 2009, the MOR signed preliminary agreements with the state's high-speed rail authority and General Electric (GE) under which China would license technology, provide financing and furnish up to 20 percent of the parts with the remaining sourced from American suppliers, and final assembly of the rolling stock in the United States. Almost all HSR trains, tracks, and services are owned and operated by the China Railway Corporation under the brand China Railway High-speed (CRH) with two exceptions being the Shanghai Maglev Train, which is operated by the Shentong Metro Group, and GuangzhouShenzhenHong Kong Express Rail Link (XRL), which is partially operated by the Hong Kong-based MTR Corporation. IPO for China's most profitable high-speed train State to sell 15% of Beijing to Shanghai line to help fund less profitable rail services by KG Chan October 29, 2019 A bullet train departs Shanghai's Hongqiao Station. [231], Media related to High-speed rail in China at Wikimedia Commons, For rail transport in China generally, see. 2016, CRH (China Railway High-speed) express service has been launched on trial in China's 505 cities where have access to the high-speed . The Shanghai Maglev Train, a turnkey Transrapid maglev demonstration line 30.5km (19.0mi) long. Trains on the Beijing-Tianjin high-speed line and a few other inter-city lines remained at 350km/h (217mph). This would later allow the Chinese government through CRRC to make the more reliable Fuxing Hao and Hexie Hao trains. China Railway reports the number of passengers carried by high-speed EMU train sets and this figure is frequently reported as high-speed ridership, even though this figure includes passengers from EMU trains providing sub-high speed service. [215][216], Typical application of track technology in China high-speed lines, Chinese train-makers and rail builders have signed agreements to build HSRs in Turkey, Venezuela, Argentina,[217] and Indonesia[218] and are bidding on HSR projects in the United States, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Brazil (So Paulo to Rio de Janeiro) and Myanmar, and other countries. certain regional "intercity" HSR lines with a design speed of 200350km/h (120220mph). [15], A 2019 World Bank study estimated the rate of economic return of China's high-speed rail network to be at 8 percent, which is well above the opportunity cost of capital in China for major long term infrastructure investments. When considering route strategy, HSR's market share versus other modes must be well understood. Length of express railways in China 2008-2021. "Michael Forsythe "Letter from China: Is China's Economy Speeding Off the Rails? State planning for China's current high-speed railway network began in the early 1990s under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping. According to an analysis conducted in 2019, only five out of 15 fast 350 kilometers-per-hour high-speed railway lines in China could cover all costs, including operating and capital costs.. This is . Former senior UN officer praises Chinese high-speed railway [111] The BeijingTianjin, ShanghaiNanjing, BeijingShanghai and ShanghaiHangzhou lines reported breaking even financially[114][115][116][117] The Shanghai-Nanjing line even reported to be operationally profitable,[116] operating with a 380 million yuan net profit. Under political and public pressure, the National Audit Office (NAO) carried out an extensive investigation into the building quality of all high-speed rail lines. The HSR network encompasses newly built rail lines with a design speed of 200-350 km/h (120-220 mph). In addition to track and scheduling improvements, the MOR also deployed faster CRH series trains. Examples of technology transfer include Mitsubishi Electrics MT205 traction motor and ATM9 transformer to CSR Zhuzhou Electric, Hitachis YJ92A traction motor and Alstoms YJ87A Traction motor to CNR Yongji Electric, Siemens TSG series pantograph to Zhuzhou Gofront Electric. The global expansion of China's high-speed rail sector is particularly problematic because of its disregard for profit. The CRH's high-speed trains are called Harmony and Rejuvenation. For foreign train-makers, technology transfer is an important part of gaining market access in China. Service failures in the first month of operation drove passengers back to pre-existing slower rail service and air travel; airline ticket prices rebounded due to reduced competition. [195] Additionally, another two lines are under construction, the Qingyuan Maglev and the Fenghuang Maglev. Alstom also won an order for 60 train sets based on the New Pendolino developed by Alstom-Ferroviaria in Italy. [139] However, according to The New York Times, the Chinese high-speed rail network is "one of the worlds safest transportation systems. Number of high-speed railways in China as of August in 2019, by profit status and speed [Graph]. China Railway assumed control of complete railway network that was built by the dissolved Ministry of Railways. [4] China's HSR accounts for two-thirds of the world's total high-speed railway networks. The line cost 20.42billion to build, and 1.8billion per annum to operate, including 0.6billion in interest payments on its 10billion of loan obligations. Euro Carex (Europe Cargo Rail Express) is founded in April 2009 as an international non-profit association. China Doesn't Need Another 125,000 Miles of High-Speed Rail - Bloomberg Is high-speed rail travel on a track to nowhere? - BBC News China's busiest high-speed rail line handles 1.35 billion passengers in China's high-speed railways plunge from high profits into a debt trap | ORF Most new HSR lines in China have witnessed a sharp decline in their "transportation density". You need at least a Starter Account to use this feature. [188] The impact of high-speed rail on air travel is most acute for intercity trips under 500km (310mi). [97][98] The Minister of Railways announced further cuts in the speed of Chinese high-speed trains, with the speed of the second-tier 'D' trains reduced from 250km/h (155mph) to 200km/h (124mph), and 200km/h (124mph) to 160km/h (99mph) on upgraded pre-existing lines. [101] From July to September, high-speed rail ridership in China fell by nearly 30 million to 151 million trips. [120] High-speed passenger rail service expanded to 28 provinces and regions. The earliest example of higher-speed commercial train service in China was the Asia Express, a luxury passenger train that operated in Japanese-controlled Manchuria from 1934 to 1943. Business Solutions including all features. In May 2011, China's Environmental Protection Ministry ordered the halting of construction and operation of two high-speed lines that failed to pass environmental impact tests. On October 26, 2010, China opened its 15th high-speed rail, the ShanghaiHangzhou line, and unveiled the CRH380A trainset manufactured by CSR Sifang started regular service. The ideal entry-level account for individual users. In 2004, the State Council in its Mid-to-Long Term Railway Development Plan, adopted conventional track HSR technology over maglev for the BeijingShanghai High Speed Railway and three other northsouth high-speed rail lines. The ballastless track technology, imported from Germany, carries higher upfront costs but can reduce maintenance costs. Once the designs are developed, a separate tender will be held for the actual construction of the rail link, which Russian Railways expects to cost 1.06 trillion rubles ($19.5 billion).[223]. [110] Five new lines totaling 2,563km (1,593mi) in length entered operation between June 30 and December 31, including the Beijing-Wuhan section of the Beijing-Guangzhou line. Despite impressive ridership figures, virtually every completed line has incurred losses in its first years of operation. The CRH380 series(or family) of trains was initially built with direct cooperation (or help) from foreign trainmakers, but newer trainsets are based on transferred technology, just like the Hexie and Fuxing Hao. [52][53] The government has justified the expensive undertaking as promoting a number of policy objectives. [178] To be able to repay principal, ridership would need to exceed 40million. Achieving indigenous high-speed rail technology has been a major goal of Chinese state planners. Some high speed trains also continue on or run over connecting segments of upgraded conventional lines. ", "High-Speed Rail: The Fast Track to Economic Development? [60] Zhang was estimated to have misappropriated to his personal overseas accounts the equivalent of $2.8 billion. Despite unmatched advantage in speed, the maglev has not gained widespread use in China's high-speed rail network due to high cost, German refusal to share technology and concerns about safety. 10 years on, Beijing-Shanghai line on fast track to high-speed glory [37] The Japanese government touted the 40-year track record of the Shinkansen and offered favorable financing. [102] In late October and November 2011, the MOR raised RMB 250 billion in fresh financing and construction resumed on several lines including the Tianjin-Baoding, Xiamen-Shenzhen and Shanghai-Kunming. [209], China Railway High-speed runs different electric multiple unit trainsets, the name Hexie Hao (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Hxi Ho; lit. [180] If the rail-backed loans cannot be fully repaid, they may be refinanced or the banks may seize ownership of the railways. The introduction of more non-stop service between large cities also helped to reduce travel time. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. [96] On August 10, 2011, the Chinese government announced that it was suspending approvals of any new high-speed rail lines pending the outcome of the investigation. [12][13] However, a Paulson Institute research had estimated that the net benefit of the high-speed rail to the Chinese economy to be approximately $378 billion and an annual return on investment at 6.5%. Currently, you are using a shared account. Signals malfunctioned, causing another train to rear-end the stalled train. [77][79][80][81][82] Several carriages derailed. Several HSR lines planned and built as a regional high-speed railway under the 2008 Revisions have since been incorporated into the 8+8 national grid. Even the Beijing-Shanghai line, China's most profitable high-speed rail line, reported 56.6 percent less net profit in 2021 than in 2019. This has allowed high-speed rail to attract more than 1.7 billion passengers a year from all income groups. EMU trains operating on non-high speed track or otherwise but at speeds below 200km/h (124mph) are not considered high-speed rail. As of 2007, the Qinhuangdao-Shenyang high-speed railway, which carried trains at top speed of 250km/h (155mph) along the Liaoxi Corridor in the Northeast, was the only passenger-dedicated HSR line (PDL) in China, but that would soon change as the country embarked on a high-speed railway construction boom. Two-direction departures at five-minute intervals, but can be as short as 1 minute. Why China can build high-speed rail so cheaply China's once profitable railways records $900bn debt over push for growth What was once China's profitable high-speed railways is now heading towards a trillion-dollar disaster after reports of debt nearing a whopping $900 billion ANI Asia China's railway records $900 bn debt amid push for expansion [54] The envisioned network, together with upgraded existing lines, would total 12,000km (7,456mi) in length. August 18, 2020. [180] Others warn that the financing side of the existing construction and operation model is unsustainable. Clicking on the following button will update the content below. The expansion into HSR is also developing China into a leading source of high-speed rail building technology. The new trains reduced travel time between Beijing and Shanghai by two hours to just under 10 hours. [115][116] However in 2013, only few lines had yet become profitable. [54] Most of the lines follow the routes of existing trunk lines and are designated for passenger traffic only. This percentage increased to 65%, 69% and 72% in the year of 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. They are known as passenger-designated lines (PDL). The BeijingShanghai high-speed railway, the second major cross-regional line, opened in June 2011 and was the first line designed with a top speed of 380km/h (236mph) in commercial service. To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set As of March 2011, no major quality defects had been found in the system. How fast is bullet train in China? China's most profitable high-speed rail line, reporting 6.6 billion yuan (over $1 billion) in net operational profit in 2015, connects Beijing to Shanghai, two major economic zones. [178] In its first year of operation from August 1, 2008, to July 31, 2009, the line carried 18.7million riders and generated 1.1billion in revenues, which resulted in a loss of 0.7billion. The MOR then launched the CRH1-350 (Bombardier and BST, designated as CRH380D), CRH2-350 (CSR, designated as CRH380A/AL), and CRH3-350 (CNR and Siemens, designated as CRH380B/BL & CRH380CL), to develop a new generation of CRH trains with a top operation speed of 380km/h (236mph). Although both classified as high-speed rail, the Shanghai Maglev often is not counted as part of the national high-speed rail network, while XRL is fully integrated into the national network of the CRH. Another top official in the Railways Ministry, Zhang Shuguang, was also sacked for corruption. Policy planners debated the necessity and economic viability of high-speed rail service. China: length of high speed rail operation network 2021 | Statista 'Rejuvenation') that based on indigenous technologies. Is China high-speed rail profitable? High-speed rail is a costly endeavor which requires massive investments in research and development and components that can range from $17 to $21 million per kilometer of rail. High-speed railways: A source of pride for China - CGTN

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