What are the 3 main causes of the Civil War? Why did most slaves typically prefer living and working on a plantation rather than a small farm? How did abolitionists in the North respond to Southern apologists? A Rather than emphasize that slavery was a profitable labor system essential to the health of the southern economy, apologists turned to the Bible and history. There is and always has been in an advanced stage of wealth and civilization,a conflict between labor and capital. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. Agassizs notion gained widespread popularity in the 1850s with the 1854 publication of George Gliddon and Josiah Notts Types of Mankind and other books. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 1999. Which statement best describes a major disadvantage to the extensive cotton production that took place in the Deep South? The practice took hold in the English colonies in North America, too. For these ministers, slavery not only had divine sanction, it was a necessary part of Christianity. Why America's Battle Lines Matter | The New Republic did many southerners own large numbers of slaves? Need I pause to show how this system of servitude underlies and supports our material interests; that our wealth consists in our lands and in the serfs who till them; that from the nature of our products they can only be cultivated by labor which must be controlled in order to be certain; that any other than a tropical race must faint and wither beneath a tropical sun? What led to the outbreak of the bloodiest conflict in the history of North America? In the meantime, the White or European race, has not degenerated. In other words, Thornwell explains, slavery is simply part of the human condition that highlights human imperfections and that should make individuals work harder to tackle those imperfections. John C. Calhoun, u201cSlavery as a Positive Good,u201d 1837. False The Confederate Constitution stated that each state was independent AND GUARANTEED slavery in Confederate territory. Southerners, to justify the loss of some 260 thousand men, had to try to understand, from their perspective, why God slept while they fought. Another ensured that slave owners could travel between Confederate states with their slaves. There was a greater sense of community and better living conditions on plantations. Gale Library of Daily Life: American Civil War. Abolition and the Union cannot coexist. Lincoln's famous "House Divided" speech of 1858 only. 1830s. I have had my finger joints stripped of the skin in consequence of them (White 1911, p. 301). in the 1820s, did the south or the north have more antislavery societies? Moses Drury Hoge (19181899), once the personal minister to Jefferson Davis, noted that those who praised the colonial soldiers of the American Revolution and those who praised the Confederate soldiers did "homage to virtue. Florida Agricultural And Mechanical University, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Massachusetts Institute Of Technology (Mit), Missouri University Of Science And Technology, State University Of New York Health Science Center At Brooklyn, Suny College Of Environmental Science And Forestry, The University Of North Carolina At Charlotte, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At San Antonio, The University Of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University Of Texas Medical Branch At Galveston, The University Of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Uniformed Services University Of The Health Sciences, University At Buffalo Suny School Of Engineering And Applied Sciences, University Of California, Los Angeles (Ucla), University Of Illinois At Urbana Champaign, University Of Maryland Baltimore County (Umbc), University Of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, University Of Tennessee Health Science Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. . The enthusiasm with which slaves embraced Christianity was in part a result of their desire to find a faith that they could embrace in a new landand that would embrace them. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. In 1859 an armed band of abolitionists led by John Brown raided the federal armoury in Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now in West Virginia), in an attempt to initiate an armed rebellion of enslaved persons. One of the clearest documents highlighting this and other important aspects of the complex relationship between slavery and religion is the sermon delivered by Benjamin Morgan Palmer. . Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). A slave is usually acquired by purchase and legally described as chattel, Opposition to slavery in British North America began in the late seventeenth century but was limited mostly to a minority of Quakers and a few Purita, Woolman, John . . For the most part, Southern ministers embraced (and often championed) the Southern cause. How did the Confederate Constitution handle the issue of slavery quizlet? . It declared that any property used by the Confederate military, including slaves, could be confiscated by Union forces. Girardeau served as a Confederate chaplain during the war; after the war ended, his former slave congregants, now free men and women, implored him to "come back to preach to them as of old" (White 1911, p. 304). 27 Apr. What did Southern apologists believe about slavery quizlet? In their minds, slavery had been divinely sanctioned. Many Southerners compared their cause to that of the American Revolution of nearly a century earlier, and religious leaders eagerly helped popularize that notion. White Southerners believed Northern abolitionists encouraged slave revolts, while Southern efforts to silence the abolitionists aroused Northern fears about freedom of speech. This 1857 illustration by an advocate of polygenism indicates that the Negro occupies a place between the Greeks and chimpanzees. That, suggests. . Many planters worked their land until it was exhausted. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Once again, the status of slavery in the territories became a hot issue. . She was active in the Underground Railroad, the clandestine network of safe houses and abolitionists that helped escapees reach freedom in the North. what happened to those who smuggled in African slaves? Won an exemption from the Mexican law prohibiting slavery. See also slavery. . In which way did the richest plantation families resemble a traditional landed aristocracy? Even northern theologians agreed on the necessary subordination of women: Charles Hodge, who held an influential position at Princeton Theological Seminary, wrote We believe that the general good requires us to deprive the whole female sex of the right of self-government.. they tightened slave codes and prohibited both voluntary and compensated emancipation. White, Henry Alexander. Because they were welcomed into the churches, they felt a sense of belonging that they felt in almost no other sphere of their existence. 1845 portrait by George Alexander Healy, defended states rights, especially the right of the southern states to protect slavery from a hostile northern majority. Its pages featured firsthand accounts of the horrors of slavery in the South and exposed, for many, the inhumane treatment of enslaved people on U.S. soil. On March 3, 1861, the day before President Abraham Lincoln's inauguration, General Winfield Scott proposed four alternatives for dealing with the secession crisis. moving blacks back to africa/repatriation. How did the Confederate States of Americas constitution differ from the Constitution of the United States of America? In the North, the abolitionist cause was the driving force behind the message from religious institutions and theologians. The practice of slavery is one of humankind's most deeply rooted institutions. Disquisition on Government advanced a profoundly anti-democratic argument. The most profitable commodity bought and sold in the upper tier of southern states was. People began to describe slavery as a positive good. In this 1837 speech, John C. Calhoun, then a U.S. senator, vigorously defended the institution of slavery and stated the essence of this new intellectual defense of the institution: Southerners must stop apologizing for slavery and reject the idea that it was a necessary evil. Southern defense of the "peculiar institution" - Britannica Abolitionists were a divided group. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. What did Southern apologists believe about slavery? - Brainly They argued that the Industrial Revolution had brought about a new type of slaverywage slaveryand that this form of slavery was far worse than the slave labor used on southern plantations. During the war, Confederate soldiers were optimistic about the prospects for the survival of the Confederacy and the institution of slavery well into 1864. . The senator from Illinois opposed slavery but was cautious about supporting the abolitionists. . Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Which identifies a major contradiction in the attitudes of southern yeoman farmers? The negro is improvident; will not lay up in summer for the wants of winter; will not accumulate in youth for the exigencies of age. APUSH CH 12 Flashcards | Quizlet Identify the main proslavery arguments in the years prior to the Civil War. In the South, however, clergy were confronted with trying to defend slavery. . Why Did So Many Christians Support Slavery? | Christian History (Palmer 1860, p. 8). Slaves were told that their masters would protect them, giving them a safe home and access to their own church communities. Five years later the war ended and the ratification of the 13th Amendment formally ended slavery in December 1865. Palmer then swings back to a more practical argument: that the Northand the world beyondneeds to maintain the status quo in the South just as much as the South needs it: "[The] world has grown more and more dependent on [slavery] for sustenance and wealth the enriching commerce has been largely established upon the products of our soil: and the blooms upon southern fields gathered by black hands, have fed the spindles and looms of Manchester and Birmingham not less than of Lawrence and Lowell" (Palmer 1860, pp. Confederate Constitution explicitly supported slavery and asserted state rights. This message was accepted gladly both by whites and a significant number of slaves. Instead, Calhoun insisted, slavery was a "positive good.". Theological justification from their ministers allowed them to believe that not only did God sanction slavery, but slaverys supporters were better Christians and more faithful interpreters of Biblical text than were their opponents. The slave-owning class was small, but it was supported by the overwhelming majority of churches and ministers., Considering they saw themselves as doing Gods work, white Southerners were shocked by the military defeat of the Confederacy. Not confined to a single church, early antislavery sentiment was common among Mennonites, Quakers, Presbyterians, Baptists, Amish, and other practitioners of Protestant denominations. Because of this perceived threat to southern society, Calhoun argued that states could nullify federal laws. Encyclopedia.com. He and his supporters were known, after all, as "black Republicans," a term purposefully designed to conjure an image of radical abolitionism. How were language and music important in the life of slaves? Proslavery theology persisted because religious arguments had situated slavery amidst other forms of household order and had relied upon widely accepted views of womens subordination as a corollary to slaves deprivation of rights. Southern Christians not only kept their antebellum worldview, they reaffirmed it as they helped rebuild the legal and social structures of white supremacy after terrorism and Northern indifference defeated Reconstruction. Religion and Slavery | Encyclopedia.com Which description best describes the "gang" labor that many slaves performed on large plantations? Early abolition (article) | Khan Academy Moreover, slavery had gained new vitality when an extremely profitable cotton-based agriculture developed in the South in the early 19th century. Palmer also argues that the slaves are better off with slavery, in part because of their own nature: "We know better than others that every attribute of their character fits them for dependence and servitude. They argued that slaves lived in better conditions than factory workers. Moreover, in addition to their sincerity of faith, the slaves valued religion because it gave them an opportunity to communicate with their fellow slaves in a more relaxed and natural way. Historian Drew Gilpin Faust observed that leaders of the secession movement across the South cited slavery as the most compelling reason for southern independence. I got my start in education as a teacher, working with students in grades K-12. Johnson, Thomas Cary. Southern Presbyterian Leaders. ." Families stayed intact and both parents typically shared in the child-rearing duties. They argued that inequality in society was inevitable. B. 1836 Battle between Texans and Mexicans in San Antonio. Having slavery gave poor white farmers a feeling of social superiority over blacks. Palmer continues with the practical dimension of his argument: Need I pause to show how this system of servitude underlies and supports our material interests? what did the federal government do in 1835 about abolitionist material? Extolling "our faith that the negro is one blood with us," Thornwell goes on to admit that slavery itself may not be a perfect system: "Slavery is a part of the curse which sin has introduced into the world and stands in the same general relation to Christianity as poverty, sickness, disease and death.

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