( Dealey Plaza Echo, Volume 2, Issue 1, pg. JFK Assassination Film: Proof of Tampering? Even today, the Zapruder film is seen as evidence in countless conspiracy theories about who shot the president. It just couldn't be done. The Other Shooter: The Saddest and Most Expensive 26 Seconds of - Vice Newman said in an interview with William Law and Ian Griggs that,"the car momentarily stopped. JFK is hit in the head before he reaches the car, or so it appears on that badly damaged film. 153. Who had the ability to do this ? According to Hewitt, he realized his mistake after ending their telephone conversation and immediately called Rather back to countermand the order, disappointing the reporter. Chaney was never called to testify before the Warren Commission. [26], The film's relevant history is covered in a 2003 David R. Wrone book entitled The Zapruder Film: Reframing JFK's Assassination. Four hundred and eighty six frames later, Zapruder had not only captured history, he had made it. She said, As I snapped the picture I heard a shot ring out Then I heard another shot ring out and Mrs. Kennedy jumped up in the car I heard three or four shots in all., Sheriff William Decker, who was in the lead car, which was so far to the west it was almost at the underpass, said, As the Motorcade was proceeding down Elm Street, I distinctly remember hearing 2 shots. In fact, there were no fewer than 22 photographers on Dealey Plaza, most of them amateurs, positioned along the last part of the motorcade route. As you will see, he associates that shot with the first time he grabbed the handgrip. Z-381, Z-382, Z-383, Z-384, Z-385, Z-386, Z-387, Z-388, Z-389, Z-390, Z-391, Z-392, Z-393, Z-394, Z-395, Z-396. Geraldo Rivera of ABC's Good Night America changed a nation's perception of the JFK assassination when he showed the Zapruder film for the first time to a nationwide . Her book, The Heroine's Bookshelf (Harper), won the Colorado Book Award for nonfiction. everybody was laying flat on the ground almost. Also, if pains were taken to set up alternate photographers shooting from Zapruder's POV, then there would already be a plan as to where to do the composite work after the film(s) left Dallas. Orville Nix stood across the lawn on the south side of Main Street, but we have no picture of him at the time. However, if the driver were under the impression that the shots were from the front, one could understand his hesitation in not wanting to drive closer to the sniper or snipers.Mark LaneThe Zapruder Film He rushed over to Dealey Plaza, where he spotted Abe holding his camera and immediately approached him to find out if he had caught the shooting on film. Below, he seems to be describing the effects of two bullets fired nearly simultaneously, one of which he thought was a near miss, disturbing only JFKs hair. Rear wheel contact on Webb's back. all three of these films were altered, or. I believe the top half is the limo stopped and the bottom half when they get going. (Unless Mr. Palamara knows different.). READ AN EXCERPT: "Story of a Poem" by Michael Zapruder In his memoir, the celebrated writer asks questions about the writing of a poem, and the meaning of communication, after his son is diagnosed . At first glance, the notion that the Zapruder film might have been tampered with seems far-fetched. To see a slow motion of the sequence showing Jackie on the trunk, please go here. Sitzman said that,"He ( Zapruder ) started filming.just before they came around the corner.". Josiah Thompson, author of Six Seconds in Dallas, said in his book, The present study seeks to make proper use of the photographs inasmuch as they constitute the only inviolable form of evidence. Here, his granddaughter details exactly what happened on . What I saw was more than you have there [in frame 313]. He also described a white spray. Why not ?The Limousine Stop Amateur films by Abraham Zapruder and Orville Nix do not agree with each other in at least one obvious way. Abe later tried to piece together his memory of the traumatic first moments after the assassination. Mark Tyler on a thread here looked into the ear witness testimony and that points to two shots around the time of the headshot. Related front page panorama photo credit: Adapted by WhoWhatWhy from Dealey Plaza (Father of Nehrams2020 / Wikimedia CC BY-SA 3.0). We strive for accuracy and fairness. [10][11], Brugioni said he was not aware of a second examination of the film at NPIC, the night of Sunday 24 November and the early morning of Monday 25 November, by a completely different team. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), Time Life Pictures/National Archives/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images, https://www.history.com/news/jfk-assassination-grassy-knoll-theory-debunked, What Physics Reveals About the JFK Assassination. But he testified that he did so immediately after hearing the first shot. As for frame 313 Brugioni's recall states:-I remember all of us being shockedit wasstraight up[gesturing high above his own head]in the skyThere should have been more than one frameI thought the spray was, say, three or four feet from his headwhat I saw was more than that [than frame 313 in todays film]it wasntlow[as in frame 313], it washighthere was more than that in the originalIt was way high off of his headand I cant imagine that there would only be one frame. . But Jackson, Nix's granddaughter and author of 2014's Orville Nix: The Missing JFK Assassination Film, wants the long-lost original last believed to be in the possession of the House . But many did apparently hear two nearly simultaneous shots at the time of the head wounding. Updated: August 23, 2018 | Original: November 19, 2013. Keep in mind that this film was never intended to be released to the public. What exactly did McMahon and Hunter say about the version they received, in contrast to what Brugioni describes receiving in the Horne film? A lone nut! In this version, claimed Reymond, the turn onto Elm WAS included as was the limousine stop for about 2 seconds. Dino indicated in the interview that he was positive that they had the original film, and that when they projected it for the two members of the Secret Service, it was the first time they had viewed the film. Many witness stories suggest JFK was hit more than once in the head in a flurry of shots fired close together. I personally have never seen anybody killed in my life, and to see something like this, shooting a man down like a dog, I just couldn't believe. Betzner's description indicates thatthe cars were stopped BEFORE the head shot. Chaney was the inside rider at the right rear of the limousine. It shows the farthest Jackie gets onto the trunk, in this film. When Horne showed his findings and evidence to Brugioni, the latter re-examined a copy of the extant Zapruder film, provided by Horne. Orville Nix was filming the motorcade from the plaza on the south side of Elm St., on the opposite side of the limo from Zapruder. She came upon a diagram, printed in 1963 showing a circle surrounding three snipers in a triangle. I noticed that the motorcycle antennas on the top half were askew from the antennas on the bottom half. That is about 20% of the witnesses in Dealey Plaza. The Presidents reactions just after the projectile impact were physically consistent with a gunshot wound caused by a high-energy Carcano military rifle bullet fired from the vicinity of the Texas School Book Depository, Nalli writes. The President was leaning forward when he stiffened perceptibly at the same instant what appeared to be a rifle shot sounded the President seemed to stiffen and come to a pause when another shot sounded and the President appeared to be badly hit in the head. In chapter 8 of his outstanding book Survivors Guilt: The Secret Service and the Failure to Protect President Kennedy (2013), Vince Palamera counted 59 witnesses who reported that the limo stopped or slowed down. There IS evidence that other films of the assassination have been tampered with as well. The effects of the visual image on society will be debated ad nauseum (curiously, some critics would later credit Zapruder's film in particular with giving a bit of ultraviolence and verite . "I saw the president lean over to Jacqueline. Each set was consisted of two boards, hinged in the middle, and contained between 12 and 15 prints of frames from the film, with the frame number indicated on the board. He tried a few places, walking all along the curb on Elm Street, but could not find solid footing there. She turned toward me and I grabbed her and put her back in the back seat. Maybe someone blocked out the rear of JFK's head with black on some frames. Part of the motorcade route through Dallas. Then there is a following frame with the same two large black lines across the image. A U.S. District Court ruled in 1968 that the Time Inc. copyright of the Zapruder film was not violated by invoking the doctrine of fair use. This seems extremely unlikely, however, because the film itself may hold the answer to whether or not it was edited.More evidence of editing: blurred vs. sharp frames. The shocking revelation of Kennedy's head going backward and to the left resulted in a public outcry so great that Congress created the House Select Committee on Assassinations two years later. OBTW, that's plenty of time for a limo stop. I think I described it in my statement as though someone was shooting a revolver into a hard object it seemed to have some type of an echo. He replied that he did remember that his firm enlarged an 8mm film for Life concerning the JFK assassination, but couldn't recall if it was the Zapruder film." The Zapruder film is a silent 8mm color motion picture sequence shot by Abraham Zapruder with a Bell & Howell home-movie camera, as United States President John F. Kennedy's motorcade passed through Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963. NARA may make a single fair-use copy of the film and sell it to any researcher. "Life To Release Today Part of Kennedy Film", JFK Assassination Zapruder Stabilized Motion Panorama HD plus SloMo 50th anniversary, JFK Assassination Stabilized Motion Panorama HD Nix v Zapruder 50th anniversary (HD), National Archives and Records Administration, President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection Act, Learn how and when to remove this template message, National Photographic Interpretation Center, List of photographs considered the most important, "The Other Shooter: The Saddest and Most Expensive 26 Seconds of Amateur Film Ever Made", "Kennedy's Assassination: How LIFE Brought the Zapruder Film to Light", "World's Oldest Cub Reporter: Hewitt's Half Century at CBS", Warren Commission Hearings and Exhibits, Vol. John Costella said the film was technically perfect except for small, technical changes in the film. The vagaries of eyewitness testimony are well known. The Truth Behind JFK's Assassination - Newsweek And he associates a third shot with the way it sounded as he lay on the ground. Based on the Elsie Dorman film, heres what I think really happened in the alteration of the Z film. One other thing to be aware of is the position of the photographers, relative to each other and to the street. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wGdM7ut-Kk4, http://assassinationofjfk.net/the-two-npic-zapruder-film-events-signposts-pointing-to-the-films-alteration/, https://gil-jesus.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/sitzman.mp4, https://gil-jesus.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Rich-Dellarosa-The-Turn-onto-Elm.mp4, https://gil-jesus.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Z-film-no-turn.mp4, https://gil-jesus.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/cronkite.mp4, https://gil-jesus.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/William-Reymond-The-Limo-Stop.mp4, https://gil-jesus.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Rich-Dellarosa-The-Limo-Stop.mp4, https://www.maryferrell.org/showDoc.html?docId=40392#relPageId=82, https://gil-jesus.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/yarborough-car-stopped.mp4, https://gil-jesus.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Rich-Dellarosa-blurred-vs-sharp.mp4, https://gil-jesus.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/motion-edit.mp4, https://gil-jesus.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/nix-altered.mp4, https://gil-jesus.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Muchmore-Film.mp4, https://gil-jesus.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/muchmore1.png, https://gil-jesus.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/muchmore2.png, https://gil-jesus.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/muchmore3.png, https://gil-jesus.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/muchmore.png, https://gil-jesus.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/muchmore4.png, https://jfkfacts.org/rewinding-the-zapruder-film/. So anyway, he walked in, and he handed me the camera. The original Zapruder film is part of the Kennedy Collection and is in the custody of the Motion Picture Sound and Video staff, at the National Archives at College Park. The 1963 Zapruder film, taken by Abraham Zapruder, is derived from the six-foot strip of celluloid contained in the U.S. National Archives, scientifically pr. And he mixed in the claims of the official story, as if they were his own observations. It would not be left to circumstantial decision. Marilyn recalled that the noise woke them out of their shocked trance. During: Z-375, Z-376, Z-377, Z-378, Z-379, Z-380. There are 108+ witnesses who say something different happened than the favored conspiracy theories based on the Zapruder Film, or the Official Story about what happened during the assassination. This lab was so secret that even its code name (Hawkeye Works) was at the time highly classified. ( pronounced Itek ) He believed that this was a copy from an original film owned by H.L. His silent color 8 mm film of JFK being shot to death in broad daylight while riding in an open limousine is the most historically momentous home movie in history. Each object that appears during the film has its starting position equal to where it appears first in its frames. 161 ). " Jackie recoils, her mouth open in horror, and suddenly she is climbing out of the open- top car, scrambling on the back hood of the limousine, met by Secret Service agent Clint Hill, who pushes her back down into the seat. I couldn't understand how a thing like this could happen. There was nothing and you couldn't get anything on television . You could even use film frames from Houston Street or Main Street. Consider the distance between Jackies right hand and the left handhold grasped by Clint Hill. Filmed by Abraham Zapruder. In a subsequent frame, the image then appears to separate into a top half and a bottom half. JFK - The Zapruder Film - What REALLY HappenedAccording to the late Richard Della Rosa who saw the other Zapruder film twice this is what really happen. It they accept that the Z film is fraud then that kills years or perhaps decades of work. Look at these two photos. Dellarosa said that the limousine just didn't slow down, it stopped and driver William Greer was looking straight at JFK when the bullet hit him in the head. Specifically, the version of the Zapruder Film Brugioni recalls seeing had more than one frame of the fatal head shot to Kennedy with its resulting "spray" of brain matter that he referred to as a "white cloud", three or four feet above Kennedy's head. But a film can also be altered by simply deleting frames. I combined the two versions: This editing out of the stop resulted in my finger looking like it just slowed down. Music. [9][10][11][12][13][14] "..they weren't very clear, for the simple reason that on the telephoto lens it's good to take stills---when you move---did you ever have binoculars and every time you move everything is exaggerated in the move---that's why they are kind of blurred---the movement." He was one of the first people to see the 'Zapruder Film' the 26-second home movie that captured President Kennedy's assassination, 50 years later, the film . I sometimes wonder if the original film had images of JFK being hit from the front PRIOR to disappearing behind the Stemmons sign, and 'jumping up' as some witnesses described. Such an act of forgery would be impossible to prove unless the original version or a copy of it was still in existance.Evidence of film editing: the witnesses who claimed to have seen the original [27], Every frame of the Zapruder film has been put together into a panoramic movie. I happened to be looking right at him when that bullet hit him the second shot it looked like it hit him somewhere along about a little bit behind the ear and a little bit above the ear. Until a few years ago, the authenticity and reliability of the extant Zapruder film was accepted by almost all JFK assassination researchers, even the severest critics of the Warren Report, myself included. And in real life, as demonstrated by the chart from the Military Armament Corporation, there are also manifold opportunities for fabrication and distortion. The Zapruder film gives a much closer view of the action, and of whatever may have landed on the trunk as a result of JFK's devastating wound which might suggest a shot from the front a possibility that would raise serious questions about the official narrative of the assassination, that JFK was shot from behind. Books. The people in the p. limo have been painted or blacked out. Pat, I'm sure the public viewing 313 with the backward head snap were seeing horrific images that didn't add up with the Warren conclusion. Officer Bobby Hargis was the inside rider at the left rear of the limousine. Throw out 20% of the witnesses because they said something different. In a statement to the FBI made on Mar. 2 hours ago, Jamey Flanagan said: Just a thought. It is apparent that by frame 225 the President is reacting to his throat wound. Life released those missing frames from the first-generation copy it had received from the film's original version;[17] the Zapruder frames outside the section used in the commission's exhibits, frames 155157 and 341, were also damaged and were spliced out of the original rendition of the film, but are present in the first-generation copies. So, as Abe climbed up on the ledge and found his bearings, he asked Marilyn to stand behind him and steady him if he started to lose his balance. Were they all suffering from the same mass hallucination ? The film was used as evidence in the case against Lee Harvey Oswald, who shot Kennedy from a sixth-floor window at the Texas School Book Depository. But a stop DURING the shooting sequence, at a time when Jackie was neither on the trunk nor Clint Hill had started toward the rear of the limo, could either be a sign that the driver realized he was driving into an ambush in front of him, or more sinisterly, making it easier for the shooters to kill JFK. And, gives rise to the question "How could I have missed that?". These witnesses directly contradict the Zapruder Film and all of the frames past Z 133. For your convenience, here are links to frames that appear before, during, and after Jackie gets to the farthest place on the trunk. Hill, the woman in red in the Zapruder film, stood less than ten feet away from the presidential limousine facing the now-famous grassy knoll. The extant Zapruder film shows JFKs limousine gliding forward at a steady speed of about 11 mph, it definitely does not depict a stop or slow down. I doubt Hollywood could devise such a cynical, dastardly and devious plot line, yet these actions were completed within hours of the Dallas killing. Additionally, Brugioni was certain that the set of briefing boards available to the public in the National Archives is not the set that he and his team produced on November 2324, 1963. I recorded my index finger ( simulating the movement of the limousine ) from left to right. Then someone behind them dropped a soda bottle, which made a loud crack and shattered on the concrete. [15] After studies of that copy were made in January 1964, the Warren Commission judged the quality to be inadequate, and requested the original film. Martin was the outside rider at the left rear of the limousine. Excepta large percentage of those suspecting a conspiracy were swayed to do so after viewing the film, and the public viewing of the film led the public to call for a second investigation, which led to the HSCA. Pleased with the results, they asked for a 35 mm internegative to be made. It is a difficult film to look at and doesnt really show that much. Was that an unslit 16mm/8mm, or a 16mm single strip? The provenance of the Zapruder film was firmly established and the film was regarded as the single most reliable piece of assassination evidence.Today, however, things are different. Alexandra Zapruder recalled that fact in "Twenty-Six Seconds: A Personal History of the Zapruder Film," saying that her grandfather had been making home films of just about everything for decades from the 1930s onward.The interest had initially started with still photos ones of . The Zapruder film, the only continuous chronological visual record of the assassination, is the best available photographic evidence of the number and timing of the shots that struck the occupants of the Presidential limousine. Nallis model took things like the mass and speed of the bullet and measurements into account. Dino Brugioni said he saw the original Zapruder film. Such a possibility may explain why those frames were removed. However, I dont believe that is the case. The limo would had to have been stopped as well. The version of the Zapruder film available to the public depicts the fatal head shot on only one frame of the film, frame 313. 'Parkland' is powerful, disturbing Scientist's Trick 'Explains' JFK Backward Movement When Shot . Editing a stop out is easy. With fidelity to the true personality and essence of the man, the film also follows Abraham Zapruder, the businessman who filmed the shooting on his Super 8 camera, and who was devastated by what . It shows one that had already started. For years we were deceived about the chain of custody of the Zapruder film. https://jfkfacts.org/rewinding-the-zapruder-film/-this is Doug Horne speaking on the Zapruder film. Those witnesses introduce a large element of doubt. Doug Horne's breakneck timeline aside, there would be no time to review the film after Brugioni finished, make the decision to send it to Hawkeye Works, and then get the composite back to NPIC for McMahon and Hunter to make new prints from and prepare alternate briefing boards. Farther up the street, near the hairpin turn from Houston to Elm, Phillip Willis stood ready with color film in his camera. "That . Abraham Zapruder is sometimes presented as a forefather of all citizen journalists. It would have been impossible to alter the film in such a way as to depict the movement of the head as being anything other than what it was. Coup in Dallas: The Decisive Investigation into Who Killed JFK The "Other" Zapruder Film - JFK Assassination Debate - The Education Forum Member of Amnesty International. If it is a small number of people as versus a large number, then folks are apt to go with the larger number using things like what is said above. "Some people were screaming," she said. He didn't start filming again until he could see the president and the first lady coming toward him in the car. There are serious doubts about whether the film is original and an accurate depiction of the assassination.. Somehow Abe got back to the office. I just laid down over on the ground [urged by another witness to get down] and when that third shot rung out and when I was close to the ground you could tell the shot was coming from above and kind of behind. [22], The first broadcast of the Zapruder film was on the late-night television show Underground News with Chuck Collins, originating on WSNS-TV, Ch 44, Chicago in 1970. What really happened - Moto-Related - Motocross Forums / Message Boards After "Gimme Shelter" appeared, critic Pauline Kael compared it to the Zapruder film. One can take imagery from another location, say the intersection of Elm and Houston, and in front of the TSBD, during what I call the Zapruder Gap. McCormick had been at the Trade Mart waiting for the president to arrive when he heard of the shooting. ( 22 H 662 ) Asked about the origin of the second shot he heard: It was right, but I cannot say for sure that it was rear, because when I mounted the car it was it had a different sound than the first sound that I heard. Dutton, a comedy ghostwriter, and editor of consequential legal and scientific documents. The problem with lining up the images in the frame is that it leaves the edges of the frame itself misaligned. counts among the top reads on the JFKA & Vol.IV contains his work on Zapruder's film over the assassination weekend. (Documented below.). Her work has appeared in outlets like The Washington Post, National Geographic, The Atlantic, TIME, Smithsonian and more. When the lead motorcycles rounded Houston to Elm Street, he started filming, only to stop when he realized that it was not the president's car yet. He re-cranked the mechanism of the camera to "full wind" so that it would run for the maximum amount of time. All of the films and photos are filmed from either the rear or the drivers side of the p. limo. His silent color 8 mm film of JFK being shot to death in broad daylight while riding in an open limousine is the most historically momentous home movie in history., Until a few years ago, the authenticity and reliability of the extant Zapruder film was accepted by almost all JFK assassination researchers, even the severest critics of the Warren Report, myself included. Learn more about Erin and her work at erinblakemore.com. It went in my back and came out my chest about 2 inches below and the left of my right nipple. These frames are significant because it is within these frames that the Warren Commission said the first shot was fired. Reymond's depiction of what he saw in the "other" Zapruder film is verified by Dellarosa, who described it in more detail: But the reports of these two witnesses are not the only reports that the limousine stopped. I proved that. If Clint Hill told the truth when he testified before the Warren Commission, then without knowing it he witnessed a second head shot. Simply the scene content of the inside of the p. limo. Another thing you should know: Promoters of the lone assassin theory often stress the fact that one shot can sound like two. The second one had almost a double sound as though you were standing against something metal and firing into it, and you hear both the sound of a gun going off and the sound of the cartridge hitting the metal place. No. There are many strange content images in the Zapruder Film. Neither ever brought it up. . Jackies right wrist hovers at the edge of the trunk, and her hand seems to have reached the handhold. Between the time I originally grabbed the handhold and until I was up on the car the second noise that I heard had removed a portion of the Presidents head, and he had slumped noticeably to his left. In his testimony before the Warren Commission, Zapruder said that the cause of the blurred frames was because he was moving the camera. In 1994, the footage was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". A specific mystery concerns what happened to the one shot that missed (and how Lee Harvey Oswald came to miss at what was assumed to be close range).

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