*Anticipate minority population growth. 1 E TNOPOLTKA ARATIRMALARI DERGS f2 ETNOPOLTKA ARATIRMALARI DERGS Alt aylk yaygn sreli uluslararas dergi mtiyaz Sahibi: Gler Kalay Genel Yayn Ynetmeni/Editr: Gler Kalay Yayn Kurulu: Prof. Havva KK ARSLAN, skdar niversitesi, Trkiye Prof. Babak REZVANI, Amsterdam . Redistricting is the process of enacting new congressional and state legislative district boundaries.. All United States Representatives and state legislators are elected from political divisions called districts. g. Oscar's checking account earns interest based on the average daily balance. David Eggert, Associated Press, Nicholas Riccardi, Associated Press If youre talented enough, you can win in a 30-35% Black district. Racial Gerrymandering US history is filled with examples of voter disenfranchisement. A majority-minority district is an electoral district, such as a United States congressional district, in which the majority of the constituents in the district are racial or ethnic minorities (as opposed to Non-Hispanic whites in the U.S.). The chart below shows partisan bias in the South, from 1992 through 2000, using the efficiency gap: The same trend can be seen in the congressional maps of non-Southern states with majority-minority districts (again, using the efficiency gap). The federal government requires that districts must have nearly equal populations . (PDF) ETNOPOLTKA ARATIRMALARI DERGS | Guler Kalay - Academia.edu . (1500's-1700's) "Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland." Sovereignty is the internationally recognized exercise of a country's power over its people and territory. having or relating to a system of government in which several states form a unity but remain independent in internal affairs Geometric boundary A geometric boundary, or geometric border, is one that is formed by arcs or straight lines irrespective of the physical and cultural features of the land it passes through. Increasing competition is one of the goals of Michigans commission, which voters created in 2018 after decades of partisan gerrymandering controlled by Republicans. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/new-maps-spark-debate-over-majority-minority-districts, Biden administration sues Texas over voting restrictions, Census data sets up redistricting fight over growing suburbs, Census shows U.S. is diversifying, white population shrinking, As frustration mounts, a White House push on voting rights, Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission, maps drawn by the Democratic-controlled Legislature. Why did legislatures actively begin to try to create Majority-Minority districts? The black, Latino, and Asian representatives mostly were replacing white Democrats, and the increase in minority representation was coming at the expense of electing fewer Democrats. Justice William J. Brennan, Jr., wrote the majority opinion, which largely upheld the district court's original ruling. (a country) A state that lacks a direct outlet to sea. Xinjiang - Wikipedia A state that requires a key to get into. The fight is complicated and wonky like most surrounding the once-a-decade redistricting process. The world economy has a three-tier structure. Some courts have decided to use a "bright line" of 50%. Illinois' 4th District (2013-2023), for example, was mandated by a Federal court to be redrawn as a majority-minority district. A state that only allows land ownership for certain groups. 5. European colonialism in Africa (1800's-1900's), 1. to buy a universal life policy with a $100,000 face value. The district court ruled that six legislative districts violated the Voting Rights Act "by diluting the power of the black vote." For Holliers 2nd Senate District, that means some of its Detroit neighborhoods would be grafted on to mostly white districts, and his own seat would stretch across Eight Mile Road, the infamous boundary between Detroit and its first-ring, majority white suburbs. \text{Deposits: } & \text{2$/ 4$} & \text{\$2,700}\\ What role do local intermediaries play in helping an outsider complete a project. *Help us understand the arrangements and forces that are transforming the map of the world. Where are the lines drawn? - All About Redistricting Click "[show]" on the table below to see the complete data set. Shaw v. Reno (1993) (article) | Khan Academy Students tend to regard the course content as "easy," while the exam is difficult. The geography of Medicare's hospital valuebased purchasing in relation [1] It can also be called "redistribution" and is used to prevent unbalance of population across districts. spreading voters of one type over many districts where they will comprise minorities that are unable to influence elections wasted voted Packing combining like minded voters into one district to prevent them from affecting elections in other districts (Excess vote -Concentrates opposition supporters into a few districts) Stacked vote A territory whose geographical boundaries lie entirely within the boundaries of another territory. [1] DETROIT (AP) Adam Hollier is a lieutenant in the Army Reserves, a paratrooper, Detroit native, a Democrat and a Black man. Question. But thats a hard sell to some lawmakers and advocates pushing to put more people of color in statehouses and Congress. Dictionary.com Unabridged 2. b. 6. NAFTA-Economic, Control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society. Private colleges and universities report net assets with donor restrictions. A majority-minority district is an electoral district, such as a United States congressional district, in which the majority of the constituents in the district are racial or ethnic minorities (as opposed to Non-Hispanic whites in the U.S.). Suppose the government wants to levy a new excise tax. Example: Italy (San Marino, Vatican City), South Africa (Lesotho). READ MORE: Census data sets up redistricting fight over growing suburbs. c. Consolidated stockholders equity is reduced by $378,000. Mackinder further proposed that since Eastern Europe controlled access to the Eurasian . We can be more competitive around the country.. Nonetheless, in commpn parlance, nation-state is used as a synonym for country or state. Steven Hill, writing for The Atlantic in June 2013, made the following argument:[2][3][4]. Assume that you are testing the hypotheses H0:=80\mathrm{H}_0: \mu=80H0:=80 vs. HA:80\mathrm{H}_{\mathrm{A}}: \mu \neq 80HA:=80. The right of a state to defend sovereign territory against invasion from other states. The 1982 Amendments to the VRA specifically named outcomes as a focus of evaluation (?). 253_{6} \\ The table below provides demographic data about each majority-minority district in the United States House of Representatives as of 2015. Warned that if this pivot area become influential in Europe a great empire would be formed. The challengers alleged that the new maps "impaired black citizens' ability to elect representatives of their choice in violation of Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act." Redistricting - Ballotpedia 4, 5, 8, 10, 13, 26-49 Minority-serving hospitals . Allows states within the state to determine "moral" laws such as death penalty, access to alcohol, and concealed weapons. AP Human Geography : Acculturation, Assimilation, & Multiculturalism He's taught courses in World History, Political Science, Geography, and Public Speaking. nation-state A law enacted in 1967 requires that only one U.S. representative be elected from each congressional district. Ex: European Union. Operations: Meghann Olshefski Mandy Morris Kelly Rindfleisch A state that completely surrounds another state. forces that tend to unify a country- such as widespread commitment to a national culture, shared idealogical objectives, and a common faith. Here are some of the key takeaways: The AP HUG exam includes MCQs and FRQs. Rules about equal population and minority voting rights have federal backing (though states may add additional constraints). A group of people who think of themselves as one based on a sense of shared culture and history, and who seek some degree of political-territorial independence. The differences between federal and a unitary government is that a federal government has multiple levels of hierarchy where both the state and central gover. \hline A majority-minority district is one in which a racial or ethnic minority makes up a large-enough share of the electorate to assure that the community has a reasonable chance to elect the candidate of their choice. The other, Sen. LaTonya Johnson, disagreed, saying the Democratic plan was far better than the alternative: I dont believe that the maps proposed would block Black candidates of choice, but I would rather have to fight harder for my seat than have my community suffer another 10 years under a Republican gerrymander.. funny ways to say home run grassroots elite basketball Menu . Regions. ~Italy, (1884-1885) During European Imperialism, various European leaders met in Berlin, Germany to discuss plans for dividing Africa peacefully. Example: Iraq and Kuwait (oil reserves). actually marking the boundary on the ground with a wall, fence, post, etc. cultural cohesion definition ap human geography. \text{ } & \text{2$/ 18$} & \text{$3,200$}\\ Control of the House of Delegates will come down to two other races that are in recounts. These disputes arise when the definition of the border is not questioned but the interpretation of the border is. The bank properly recorded the check for this amount. ~Most pre-WWll European governments. Redistricting is carried out every 10 years based on the population totals reported by the US Census. A politically organized area in which nation and state occupy the same space. partisan gerrymandering definition ap gov a venture involving three or more nation-states involving formal political, economic, and/or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives. 2. Rising Black politicians like Rep. Antonio Delgado and Rep. Joe Neguse represent heavily white areas in New Yorks Hudson River Valley and Boulder, Colorado respectively. Imagine the minority-favored candidate can win an election in a district if at least 30 percent of voters are minorities. I got a 100/100 on this set. "Who rules the World Island commands the World". As you are reviewing for this unit, focus on the important concepts! One of these reasons is ethnic separatism. \text{ } & \text{ } & \underline{\underline{\$13,900}}\\ For the districts themselves? Delimit: Draw the boundary on a map Only California, Illinois, and New York had any degree of significant pro-GOP bias. They also learn . Download PDF. Black, Brown, and White: Differing Views on Redistricting Involve More a. No voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or standard, practice, or procedure shall be imposed or applied by any State or political subdivision to deny or abridge the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color. I think were in a new age now, said Bakari Sellers, an African American former South Carolina state legislator. Political Geography. His boss, who he admires, is waiting to meet with him about the big project. Those who have the redistricting pen don't have a blank slate for drawing the lines. Examples: United States, Russia, Brazil, Mexico. Example: The devolution in Africa after the European states gave the African states their independence. 1. \end{matrix} Tony Evers asked a commission to propose maps to counter ones drawn by the GOP-controlled Legislature. How can the winner of the popular vote lose the presidency? Create or preserve minority-majority district: To create a district favoring an ethnic group, or to accommodate surrounding minority-majority districts. Depending on the ideological composition of the Court and the interactions between citizens and states, the Supreme Court sometimes interprets the Constitution in ways that restrict minority rights, while at other times protecting minority rights. Example: Germany taking over France, Temporary periods of stability in how politics are conducted at the global scale. It was a win for African-American . AP Human Geography | National Geographic Society A majority-minority or minority-majority area is a term used to refer to a subdivision in which one or more racial, ethnic, . Its Black voting-age population would drop to 42%. Is Gerrymandering The Best Way To Make Sure Black Voters Are Compare And Contrast Unitary Confederate A federal system is the division between the states and the national government. The following summary is from AMSCO AP Human Geography: Today's political map consists mostly of independent states in which all territory is connected, and most people share a language and other cultural traits. d. An investment balance of$358,000 is eliminated for consolidation purposes. . Most nations and states aspire to this form, but it is realized almost nowhere. 2. b. cultural cohesion definition ap human geography What do Majority-Minority districts assure? AP Human Geography De Blij Chap. 8 Flashcards - Cram.com On November I, 2018, Ybarra Construction Company issued $200,000 of 5-year bonds that pay interest at an annual rate of 5%. The problem is the Democrats had a bad election, Cervas said. The states redraw district lines every 10 years following completion of the United States census. ~Spatial conflicts. Record the necessary cash adjustments. ". The number of Majority-Minority districts increased with the 1991 redistricting. For the chamber as a whole? These results are automatically generated from Google. 3. Oscar's Red Carpet Store maintains a checking account with Academy Bank. In an April 2015 report for the Congressional Research Service, legislative attorney L. Paige Whitaker described this argument as follows:[7], In addition, supporters argue that the drawing of majority-minority districts has resulted in an increased number of minority representatives in state legislatures and Congress. We'll need to get creative, since it's in the minority. Students employ spatial concepts and landscape analysis to examine human social organization and its environmental consequences. state with more than one nation within its borders, nation that stretches across borders and across states. (Peripheral, Semi-peripheral, Core). The idea that "intellectuals of statecraft" construct ideas about places, these ideas influence and reinforce their political behaviors and policy choices, and these ideas affect how we, the people, process our own notions of places and politics. Please check your inbox to confirm. Vertical plane between states that cuts through the rocks below, and the airspace above the surface. Now, let's draw a map that helps the Red party. Free AP Human Geography Flashcards about Unit 3 APHG Given that minority voters were the most reliably Democratic voters, that made all of the neighboring districts more Republican. ~Nourishment=Territory, ~Sir Halford J. Mackinder proposed the Heartland Theory. 30 seconds. 2. For the purposes of this article, a majority-minority district is defined as any district in which a minority group or collection of minority groups comprise a simple majority of the district's population. How do you determine that a minority group is sufficiently large or that it stands a reasonable chance of electing its preferred candidate. The amount of interest earned for February is$20. ", "The minority group must be able to show that it is politically cohesive. The recent Global Inequality Report,5 which uses the share of national income of the top 1 per cent richest people in a country as one of the measures of inequality, estimates that in India, this share had surged since the mid-1990s (coinciding with the liberalization of the economy) from approximately 10 per cent in 1992 to 22 per cent in 2014. Using data provided in the United States Census Bureau's 2021 American Community Survey and based on districts enacted after the 2010 census, the United States was home to 138 congressional majority-minority districts. \text{Cash receipts:} & \text{ } & \underline{1,600}\\ It is advancing maps that would cut the number of majority-Black districts from two to zero in Congress and from roughly a dozen to as few as three in the Legislature, pending final votes. In the context of determining representative districts, the process by which a majority of the population is from the minority. Much like political gerrymandering, it limits black influence in surrounding districts. The following guide will be updated periodically with hyperlinks in excellent resources. c. Checks 325 and 327 are outstanding. PDF AP Human Geography 2015 Scoring Guidelines Note: Data about majority-minority districts is based on information compiled from the United States Census Bureau's American Community Survey estimates. What is Section 2 of the VRA? What does Majority-Minority Politics Look Like. Although the world has multiple states, almost everything takes place within the context of the world economy. What does it mean to be partially or completely covered by Section 5 of the VRA? Legislatures felt that the creation of majority-minority districts was required. The racial or language minority group "is sufficiently numerous and compact to form a majority in a single-member district." The minority group is "politically cohesive," meaning its members tend to vote similarly. Information about the partisan affiliation of each district's representative is as of 2015. Gerrymanderin g Redistrictin g for advantage, or the practice of dividing areas into electoral districts to give one political party an electoral majority in a large number of districts while concentrating the voting . The table below provides demographic data about each majority-minority district in the United States as of 2013. economic model wherein people, corporations, and states produce goods and exchange them in the world market with the goal of achieving profit. This represented approximately 32% of the nation's 435 U.S. House districts.[1][2][3][4][5][6]. The European Union-Currency (economic) Oscar's sells carpet each day but makes bank deposits only once per week. But time is running short. \text{Checks} & \text{321} & \text{2$/ 2$} & \text{$\$ 4,700$}\\ Whether Hollier is right is at the heart of a heated debate over how to ensure racial and ethnic minority communities can elect the officeholders of their choice. Although the total book and fair values of Altgelds net assets amounting to $3.2 million, the price paid for these shares was$340,000. Majority-minority districts have been the subject of legal cases examining the constitutionality of such districts, including Shaw v. Reno (1993), Miller v. Johnson (1995), and Bush v. Vera (1996). Gerrymandering & Elections [AP Human Geography Unit 4 Topic 6] (4.6) AP human geography chapter 8 multiple choice. Such homogeneity actually prevails within very few states. *Create electoral districts that would clearly make it through the Justice Department and survive court challenges. Demarcate: make a physical boundary on the land What about majority-minority districts is problematic? ~Capital city serves as focus of power. (These leaders had little regard for African independence, and had no representation for native Africans. (ii) 6%? Others include Palestinians, Basques, and Roma. He is also a state senator who represents a majority-Black district that stretches across the northeastern edge of his economically battered and resilient hometown. answer choices. The Advanced Placement Human Geography (APHG) course introduces students to the systematic study of patterns and processes that have shaped human understanding, use, and alteration of Earth's surface. Proponents of majority-minority districts argue that these districts are a necessary hindrance to the practice of cracking, which occurs when a constituency is divided between several districts in order to prevent it from achieving a majority in any one district. AP Human Geography Political Geography Flashcards | Quizlet Subscribe to Here's the Deal, our politics newsletter. As a consequence, it has a neighborhood-level spatial structure, presenting a geography which can be examined in maps of cities across the country. a. forces that tend to divide a country- such as internal religious, inguistic, ethnic, or ideologiacal differences. This was the most recent data available as of September 2022. On February 24, Titanic paid$6,250 ($6,000 borrowed amount plus$250 interest) directly to Academy Bank in payment for January's borrowing. Majority-minority definition, relating to a population in which more than half represent social, ethnic, or racial minorities, and in which fewer members of the more socially, politically, or financially dominant group are represented: majority-minority public schools. Do minority legislators accomplish things that others could not have, or change the terms of debate in ways sympathetic majority representatives could not have? The link below is to the most recent stories in a Google news search for the terms Majorityminoritydistricts. Population data are from 2021 Census American Community Survey and 2020 Census population estimates. process by which geopoliticians deconstruct and focus on explaining the underlying spatial assumptions and territorial perspectives of politicians, World order in which one state is in a position of dominance with allies following rather than joining the political decision-making process. It is estimated that warranty repairs will average $10 per unit sold, and 30% of the repairs will be made in Year 1 and 70% in Year 2. In Year 1, sales consisted of 1,200 units. In North Carolina, a new GOP-approved map cut the share of Black voters in Democratic Rep. G.K Butterfields district from 45% to 38%. Various rules limit where district lines may or may not be drawn. \text{ } & \text{326} & \text{2$/ 28$} & \text{700}\\ Example: US and Mexican border, Disputes over natural resources that run across borders. AP Human Geography 320 resources . were a federal court applying Gingles and other cases). ~Generate less wealth in the world economy . His boss, whom he admires, is waiting to meet with him about the big project. Devotion to the interests or culture of one's nation.

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